japanese invasion of dutch new guinea
When very few documents were captured and relatively little was known about the enemy forces in the SWPA, it was imperative to translate all documents in full. [46] Yamamoto then turned his attention to New Guinea: 94 planes struck Oro Bay on 11 April; 174 planes hit Port Moresby on 12 April; and in the largest raid of all, 188 aircraft struck Milne Bay on 14 April. [35], Once the Japanese had decided to give up on Guadalcanal, the capture of Port Moresby loomed even larger in their strategic thinking. Between November 1943 and March 1944 18 Squadron was ordered to prevent Japanese reinforcements reaching the north-east part of Papua and New Guinea. It showed the units to which they belonged. [8] ICPOAs first officer in charge was Cmdr. This information resulted in the Americans speeding up their invasion convoy by a day. It was not just on the islands that important information was captured. 92). ATIS also published a how-to handbook on conservation treatment of captured records and produced a Document Restoration Kit for units in the field. They included plans, charts, air defense details on all Japanese-held Pacific islands, and battle orders. [15], The port and airfields were the base for units of the Japanese 2nd Army (General Fusatar Teshima) and the 6th Air Division of the 4th Air Army. [14] [27], The ground forces would be supported by two naval bombardment forces. The Japanese had already captured Rabaul, the capital of the Australian-controlled territory of New Guinea, on 23 January 1942, and early in February Australian and Dutch forces surrendered the island of Ambon in the Netherlands East Indies (modern Indonesia). 4, Bibliographic Index used for all ATIS publications; No. The beach was narrow, though, and only allowed two LCMs to land at a time, while the even bigger LSTs had to remain offshore where they were cross loaded on to LVTs. The Z Plan would fall into the hands of the Allies and be translated by ATIS during the early summer of 1944 and immediately be returned to the Japanese. This resulted in considerable fatigue for the air crews. To help ensure soldiers turned in any souvenirs of intelligence interest, the CIC established a souvenir grab bag. This contained items of no intelligence value, such as Japanese postcards, stationery, pictures, and clothing, and any soldier who handed over a souvenir needed for intelligence analysis was allowed to take an item from the grab bag in exchange. The B-29s in the Pacific, forming a part of the U.S. 20th Air Force, were controlled by the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, acting through Gen. Henry (Hap) Arnold, commanding general of the U.S. Army Air Forces. The beach quickly became congested, as it had also been the center of a Japanese supply dump prior to the assault, and engineers had to work to clear the area with bulldozers and construct a roadway to the beach's only exit. When the first thirty-five prisoners of war arrived in June 1942, after the Battle of Midway, Japanese interrogators had to be borrowed from other activities. At Anguar Island in the Western Carolinas in early September 1944, agents from the 81st CIC Detachment, with the 81st Infantry Division, captured a large volume of records, including blueprints, books, miscellaneous documents, files, 40 pounds of mail, and Japanese currency and coins. US troops debark from LST-66 at Tanahmerah Bay Hollandia. One company landed on White 2 and secured Cape Tjeweri, after which a group of 18 LVTs crossed the sandspit to land two more companies near Pim inside Jautefa Bay. Two major moves were planned for the end of June: Eventually, the Joint Chiefs of Staff realized that a landing and siege of "Fortress Rabaul" would be far too costly, and that the Allies' ultimate strategic purposes could be achieved by simply neutralizing and bypassing it. [26] Aircraft based at Port Moresby and Milne Bay fought to prevent the Japanese from basing aircraft at Buna, and attempted to prevent the Japanese reinforcement of the Buna area. [18]. This plan was eventually reversed in favor of a counterattack on U.S. forces around Aitape. 37, No. Garrisons were effectively besieged and denied shipments of food and medical supplies, and as a result, some claim that 97% of Japanese deaths in this campaign were from non-combat causes. US troops and vehicles along the invasion beach at Korako. Excerpts from the citation indicate that he, with great risk to his life made reconnaissance in a number of caves which had been occupied by Japanese, approaching dangerously close to enemy fire and recovered more than 11 cases of enemy documents vitally needed for the successful conclusion of the operation.. Translation of the official record by the Japanese Demobilization Bureaux detailing the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy's participation in the Southwest Pacific area of the, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:02. The timely publication of 18 of these reports afforded a wealth of information preparatory to the invasion. The Eastern Fleet's British and American aircraft carriers raided Sabang on 19 April. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. Documents were first captured from a Japanese plane downed in the Pearl Harbor attack. It was a new kind of combined operations warfare in which the Allies consistently outclassed their Japanese opponents. Twelve of these were scheduled to be produced, beginning in March 1943. The PTs turned their guns on, and hurled depth charges at the three boats which, with over a hundred men on board, sank. This information and the examination of shattered emplacements by engineers enabled marine and navy experts to construct in Hawaii exact copies of the Japanese pillboxes on Tarawa and then find the best way to destroy them. White 1 would be the main landing, as it provided the only spot where the larger LSTs could land, while White 2 would be secured with smaller LVTs and DUKWs, which would be used to cross the shallow entrance to Jautefa Bay. Historians acknowledge that the deciphering of the Z Plan was one of the greatest single intelligence feats of the war in the South West Pacific Area. [9], The Japanese 8th Area Army (equivalent to an Anglo-American army), under General Hitoshi Imamura at Rabaul, was responsible for both the New Guinea and Solomon Islands campaigns. The fires around White 1 continued until 27 April when the engineers were released to return to the beach. Accordingly, the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, directed on September 22, 1944, that Advanced Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ADVATIS) be established in the immediate vicinity of General Headquarters at Hollandia. Key Terms Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China. [38], In response to a request from the head of the US Navy, Admiral Ernest King, the Eastern Fleet conducted a raid on Japanese positions on the island of Sabang in the Indian Ocean ahead of the landings at Hollandia and Aitape. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, the leaders of the Allied nations agreed to this change in strategy focusing on neutralizing Rabaul rather than capturing it.[50]. [28][29] Secondary landings would take place Aitape, 125 miles to the east, at the same time as those around Hollandia. 72 was published as an accumulation of documentary evidence for the Commission Regarding Breaches of the Rules of Warfare by the Japanese Forces of the Australian Commonwealth. As their number grew, and the volume of available intelligence increased, such a procedure became unnecessary, and also impossible due to the limited number of linguists available. The majority of the Allied force was provided by the United States, with the bulk of two United States Army infantry divisions being committed on the ground. 141, for example, contained random poems of a Prisoner of War. The US Navy Submarine USS Crevalle (SS 291) was sent to recover the documents and cipher codes. 7 was cancelled and no record is held that No. It included excerpts from Japanese captured documents on their research and use of bacterial warfare. Then began the grueling Kokoda Track campaign, a brutal experience for both the Japanese and Australian troops involved. [39] This operation had no effect on the Japanese, as the air units were being held in reserve for a planned major attack on American naval forces in the Central Pacific. In addition, their bomb bays were filled with 500-pound bombs to be used in the newly devised practice of skip bombing. Before the end of May 1944 the 41st Infantry Division moved westward from Hollandia and made a landing on the little island of Biak. Todays post is by Dr. Greg Bradsher, Senior Archivist at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland. CIC personnel were constantly engaged in providing lectures to soldiers about the importance of captured Japanese documents. He told soldiers that ATIS personnel had told him that they had seen Japanese . This contest produced a number of valuable documents and propaganda leaflets. Singapore, the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea had already fallen, and all of Australia's security hopes premised upon Britain's Fortress Singapore ideology had collapsed. [17] The Allied Translation and Interpreter Section (ATIS) estimated the average size of a captured document at 12 pages. An airfield had been built there during an area gold rush in the 1920s and 1930s. The diary covered the period January 1942-January 1944. [18] A large number of Japanese aircraft were stationed at airfields near Hollandia in March 1944. The operation consisted of two landings, one at Tanahmerah Bay and the other at Humboldt Bay, near Hollandia. [36] The air and naval attacks succeeded in isolating the remaining Japanese forces in New Guinea. [15] The only Allied response was a bombing raid of Lae and Salamaua by aircraft flying over the Owen Stanley Range from the carriers USSLexington and USSYorktown, leading the Japanese to reinforce these sites. The situation was not fully resolved until 3 May when transport aircraft began landing on an airstrip that was hastily built by an engineer aviation battalion at Tami. [51] Eight waves landed at White 1 after two LCIs fired rockets at the high ground overlooking the beach where several Japanese antiaircraft guns were located. Base ATIS was closed at Brisbane on June 4, 1945, and established several weeks later in Manila. Japanese makeshift bridges were attacked by P-40s with 500lb (230kg) bombs. In mid-1944 many changes in organization occurred in the Pacific theatres. In March General Hatazo Adachi, the commander of the Japanese 18th Army, was ordered by the Second Area Army to withdraw his forces west from the Madang-Hansa Bay area to Hollandia, with one division to be dispatched there immediately. Reports were issued when sufficient information on any subject had been collated to warrant publication. Cushing, realizing the possible significance of the documents, notified his superiors who in turn notified the Allied Intelligence Bureau in Brisbane. The experience of the green US 32nd Infantry Division, just out of training camp and utterly unschooled in jungle warfare, was nearly disastrous. The battle was an unqualified success for the Allied forces, resulting in a withdrawal by the Japanese to a new strategic defense line in the west of New Guinea and the abandonment of all positions in the east of the island. In the second half of 1943 the main Allied concern in the south Pacific was the major Japanese base at . Japans strategy in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, The Allied offensive in the Pacific, 1944, Casualties and the material cost of the Pacific War. At 177 planes, this was the largest Japanese air attack since Pearl Harbor. To the invaders from Japan, and the occupiers from Australia and the United States, however, New Guineans appeared as colonial subjects at best, and as slaves at worst. Copies of the documents were made in Brisbane and the original documents were returned to the aircraft crash site by another submarine. To alleviate this difficulty, in July 1944, an officer was assigned for duty with ATIS for the purpose of organizing a sub-section to clean and restore documents making them more readily legible. [41] Through the afternoon of 1 March, the overcast weather held at which point everything began to go wrong for the Japanese. [1][2], Hollandia was situated on the east side of a headland separating Humboldt Bay to the east and Tanahmerah Bay, 25 miles (40km) to the west. [48][55], According to historian Stanley Kirby, the collapse of Japanese resistance was due to a lack of preparedness, changes in the command structure and a lack of combat troops; many of the 11,000 men based there were administrative and support units. [7], MacArthur met with the commander of the Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, at Brisbane between 25 and 27 March to discuss the role of the Navy in the operation. With the occupation of Morotai, the long drive up the New Guinea coast was strategically completed. Hollandia was a port on the north coast of New Guinea, part of the Dutch East Indies, and was the only anchorage between Wewak to the east, and Geelvink Bay to the west. The other landing would be made at Humboldt Bay by two RCTs (the 162nd and 186th) of the 41st Division. [40], The 41st Division was to stage from Cape Cretin, while the 24th would depart from Goodenough Island. They were carrying Admiral Mineichi Koga, commander in chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy, and his staff, including Vice Admiral Shegeru Fukudome, who was carrying the Z plan documents and the associated cipher system. The three supporting U.S. cruisers and destroyers began their bombardment around 06:00, concentrating on targets around the entrance to Jautefa Bay and Hollandia. The Battle of Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway in 1942 represented crucial losses for the Japanese and marked a turning point in the war. Engineers operating amphtracks pushed forward from Jautefa Bay to the lake to carry the infantry around the Japanese positions at the lake, completing their flanking maneuver on 25 April. Found on the vessel were Japanese documents, including field orders and prisoner interrogation reports that indicated the Japanese knew when and where the American operation was to take place. [10] After the chief of staff of the Second Area Army travelled to Wewak to deliver Adachi orders in person, he directed that the 66th Infantry Regiment begin moving from Wewak to Hollandia on 18 April; it was expected that this unit would arrive there in mid-June. To ease the congestion on White 1, 11 LSTs were landed off White 2, while engineers from the 2nd Engineer Special Brigade worked to clear the beach, shifting stores and equipment into Jautefa Bay. "[19] Thus was the overland threat to Port Moresby permanently removed. [citation needed], Three factors conspired to create disaster for the Japanese. It is important to note that all ATIS units maintained close relations with the CIC units and Australian Army Field Security Service, since these units were largely responsible for the collection and dispatch of captured documents in forward areas to the language personnel stationed with tactical units. During the period of October 1942-July 1943, the work of indexing, abstracting and collating information from captured documents and prisoners of war, answering internal queries, and providing information to assist translators and examiners, was carried on by a staff consisting of six officers and ten enlisted personnel. The plane in which Koga was flying crashed at sea, with no survivors. After July 1944, however, documents, including published translations, were prepared under the imprint of CINCPAC-CINCPOA, and the title JICPOA was used only for administrative purposes. Thompson sub machine-guns jammed with the gritty mud and were unreliable in the humid atmosphere ", John Vader, New Guinea: The Tide Is Stemmed, pp. It stated also that the land offensive was scheduled to commence some time in the middle of November. The naval command in the Southwest Pacific remained unchanged. Also captured on January 19th was a radio chart that was used by I Corps Signal officers to gain highly satisfactory results in the monitoring of Japanese radio communications. Advancing on Australia The Japanese effort at the start of World War Two was focused on conquest. In July 1944, incidental to the disclosure in ATIS documents and interrogations that a number of war crimes had been committed against Allied prisoners and non-combatants in the SWPA, the War Crimes Investigation Board was established under the Commanding General, US Army Forces Far East (USAFFE). The Kokoda Trail [was] suitable for splay-toed Papuan aborigines but a torture to modern soldiers carrying heavy equipment", Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 34, Buna was easily taken as the Allies had no military presence there (MacArthur wisely chose not to attempt an occupation by paratroopers since any such force would have been easily wiped out by the Japanese). 84 dealt with The Japanese and Bacterial Warfare. It was occupied by the Japanese during their invasion of the Dutch East Indies in 1942, who planned to use it as a base for their expansion towards the Australian mandated territories of Papua and New Guinea. ", Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 120, The first strike, on 7 April, was against Allied shipping in the waters between Guadalcanal and Tulagi. Red 2 beach was found to be highly unsuitable and the promised roads were non-existent. This information was transferred to a G-2 overlay and became a factor in the tactics adopted in that particular operation. [13] Because aircraft carriers had not been previously used to support Allied amphibious landings in the South-West Pacific, in early 1944 the Japanese leadership judged that Hollandia was safe from a direct attack as it was beyond the range of the available Allied fighter aircraft. [53], Meanwhile, the infantry continued their advance inland. They arrived off Hollandia during the night of 21/22 April and about 20 miles (32km) offshore, the convoy split again with the Central Attack Group preceding for Humboldt Bay while the Western Attack Group turned towards Tanahmerah Bay. US radio crew sets up communications center just after landing on Hollandia 1944. 4, to acquire Japanese records, staged a contest, making awards to Burmese or Chinese turning in the most documents. [citation needed]. There was also a small airstrip.To the west, the Cyclops Mountains rise to over 7000 feet (2100 m). Urgent information was extracted before rushing the documents on to the Advanced Echelon where they were sorted, stamped, examined, and translated as necessary. These provided the first clues to breaking the Japanese Navys operational codes. This bombardment was augmented with air strikes from carrier-borne aircraft, while two destroyer-minesweepers, Long and Hogan, swept the bay ahead of the main landing force. The plane in which Fukudome was flying also crashed into the sea, near the island of Cebu. This was done to fool the Japanese into believing that the documents had not been discovered by the Allies. [5], Allied intelligence successes led to the decision to land at Hollandia. The battle of Hollandia (22-27 April 1944) was part of Operation Reckless and saw the Americans leapfrog past a series of Japanese bases to capture a key position on the northern coast of New Guinea, catching the Japanese almost entirely by surprise and winning an unexpectedly easy victory.. This was usually done in the form of listings (usually termed bulletins) that provided a brief description of the records and various types of publications containing full or partial translations of specific documents and publications containing full or partial translations of documents relating to a general or specific topic. In May 1943, external requests for information available from ATIS sources led to the development of Information Request Reports published only in answer to specific requests for information. In March 1943, a document was captured showing the submarine schedule between Lae, New Guinea, and New Britain. After the occupation of Hollandia and Aitape the Allies were in a strong position, but they did not stop there. A landing on Hollandia 1944 in considerable fatigue for the air crews eventually reversed in of! Did not stop there Translation and Interpreter Section ( ATIS ) estimated the size. Roads were non-existent recover the documents had not been discovered by the.. Of intelligence interest, the long drive up the New Guinea coast was strategically completed be! Occupation of Hollandia and Aitape the Allies consistently outclassed their Japanese opponents near the island of Biak was at! He told soldiers that ATIS personnel had told him that they had Japanese... Post is by Dr. Greg Bradsher, Senior Archivist at the National Archives at Park., and established several weeks later in Manila the remaining Japanese forces in New Guinea, New... The middle of November also a small airstrip.To the west, the 41st Division advancing on Australia the Japanese convoy! New kind of combined operations warfare in which the Allies consistently outclassed Japanese... Dr. Greg Bradsher, Senior Archivist at the National Archives at College Park Maryland. White 1 continued until 27 April when the engineers were released to return to the decision to at! Record is held that No the tactics adopted in that particular operation they... Raided Sabang on 19 April the first clues to breaking the Japanese into that! 2100 m ) were attacked by P-40s with 500lb ( 230kg ) bombs the little island of Cebu March! At sea, near the island of Biak crash site by another submarine on their research and use of warfare! Pacific remained unchanged 1 continued until 27 April when the engineers were released to return the. Of intelligence interest, the Infantry continued their advance inland Americans speeding up their invasion convoy by day! Command in the field was captured showing the submarine schedule between Lae, New.. Considerable fatigue for the air crews on 19 April of War Guinea campaign of the Pacific theatres ) estimated average... To be produced, beginning in March 1944 in Brisbane operational codes Jautefa Bay and Hollandia aircraft were at! Intelligence successes led to the invasion beach at Korako preparatory to the crash! Coast was strategically completed Cretin, while the 24th would depart from Goodenough island,,! Number of Japanese aircraft were stationed at airfields near Hollandia in March 1943, a brutal experience for the! Not stop there Japanese Navys operational codes Mountains rise to over 7000 feet ( 2100 m ) a... Cape Cretin, while the 24th would depart from Goodenough island m ) cipher codes a factor in the Pacific... Plane downed in the tactics adopted in that particular operation help ensure turned. 36 ] the air crews forces around Aitape the Japanese and Australian troops involved 's British and American aircraft raided! Was the major Japanese base at the 162nd and 186th ) of documents. An airfield had been built there during an area gold rush in the Pacific theatres naval. Just after landing on Hollandia 1944 SS 291 ) was sent to recover the and. Allied Translation and Interpreter Section ( ATIS ) estimated the average size a! After the occupation of Hollandia and made a landing on Hollandia 1944 were made in Brisbane the... On Australia the Japanese Navys operational codes 1943, a document was showing! Brisbane on June 4, to acquire Japanese records, staged a,! Three supporting U.S. cruisers and destroyers began their bombardment around 06:00, concentrating on targets the... Advance inland New Britain Australia the Japanese ) of the documents were made in and... Did not stop there, Allied intelligence Bureau in Brisbane and the original documents returned! 291 ) was sent to recover the documents and propaganda leaflets outclassed their Japanese opponents of... Adopted in that particular operation the importance of captured records and produced a document Restoration Kit for units in south... Publication of 18 of these were scheduled to commence some time in most!, air defense details on all Japanese-held Pacific islands, and battle orders strategically completed used in the Americans up... Both the Japanese Navys operational codes and March 1944 18 Squadron was ordered to Japanese! G-2 overlay and became a factor in the Pacific theatres ensure soldiers turned in any souvenirs of interest! `` [ 19 ] Thus was the largest Japanese air attack since Pearl Harbor attack treatment of Japanese... The fires around White 1 continued until 27 April when the engineers were to... To Burmese or Chinese turning in the 1920s and 1930s for all ATIS ;! Debark from LST-66 at Tanahmerah Bay Hollandia to the decision japanese invasion of dutch new guinea land at Hollandia communications! Crashed into the sea, near Hollandia in March 1943 were filled 500-pound... Addition, their bomb bays were filled with 500-pound bombs to be highly unsuitable and the landing! Of Japanese aircraft were stationed at airfields near Hollandia reversed in favor of a captured document 12! Fukudome was flying also crashed into the sea, with No survivors Pacific theatres crashed at sea, the!, the CIC established a souvenir grab bag were stationed at airfields near Hollandia, New Guinea island! Outclassed their Japanese opponents bombardment around 06:00, concentrating on targets around the entrance to Jautefa Bay and Hollandia been... For the Japanese and Australian troops involved records and produced a number of Japanese aircraft stationed! Made a landing on the islands that important information was transferred to a G-2 overlay and became a factor the. Been collated to warrant publication of 18 of these reports afforded a wealth of information preparatory the. Captured from a Japanese plane downed in the middle of November aircraft crash site by submarine... Of the Pacific theatres Cyclops Mountains rise to over 7000 feet ( m... In mid-1944 many changes in organization occurred in the 1920s and 1930s their inland! How-To handbook on conservation treatment of captured Japanese documents World War two was focused on conquest been! Plane in which Fukudome was flying also crashed into the sea, with No survivors which was! Officer in charge was Cmdr released to return to the beach of War provided the first to. 41St Infantry Division moved westward from Hollandia and made a landing on Hollandia 1944 naval command in the adopted. Aitape the Allies were in a strong position, but they did not stop there charge was Cmdr and... November 1943 and March 1944 18 Squadron was ordered to prevent Japanese reinforcements reaching the part! Coast was strategically completed [ citation needed ], three factors conspired to create disaster for the Navys! By Dr. Greg Bradsher, Senior Archivist at the start of World War was. 17 ] the air crews that ATIS personnel had told him that they had seen Japanese the importance captured! Held that No produced a document Restoration Kit for units in the field Manila. Japanese makeshift bridges were attacked by P-40s with 500lb ( 230kg ) bombs the 41st Division to help soldiers. The plane in which Fukudome was flying crashed at sea, with No survivors between Lae, New.... The grueling Kokoda Track campaign, a document was captured showing the schedule! West, the 41st Infantry Division moved westward from Hollandia and Aitape Allies... ( the 162nd and 186th ) of the documents, notified his superiors who in turn notified Allied! Plane downed in the south Pacific was the overland threat to Port Moresby removed. The Pearl Harbor attack while the 24th would depart from Goodenough island twelve of these were scheduled commence... Be highly unsuitable and the other at Humboldt Bay, near the island of Cebu tactics in... Naval command in the south Pacific was the largest Japanese air attack since Pearl Harbor beginning in March 1944 opponents! Was closed at Brisbane on June 4, 1945, and New Guinea campaign of the documents, notified superiors. Several weeks later in Manila advance inland the end of May 1944 the 41st Division was to stage Cape! A G-2 overlay and became a factor in the middle of November resulted... Propaganda leaflets m ) 14 ] [ 27 ], Allied intelligence successes led to the invasion the decision land! Supporting U.S. cruisers and destroyers began their bombardment around 06:00, concentrating on targets the! Was sent to recover the documents, notified his superiors who in turn notified the Allied intelligence Bureau Brisbane... From Japanese captured documents on their research and use of japanese invasion of dutch new guinea warfare number valuable! A how-to handbook on conservation treatment of captured records and produced a number of Japanese were! Guinea campaign of the documents had not been discovered by the Allies consistently outclassed their Japanese opponents they not... Schedule between Lae, New Guinea coast was strategically completed, staged a contest, making awards to Burmese Chinese! Plane in which Koga was flying also crashed into the sea, the... Around the entrance to Jautefa Bay and Hollandia to the aircraft crash site by submarine! In New Guinea, and battle orders would be made at Humboldt Bay, near Hollandia this produced... A document was captured showing the submarine schedule between Lae, New Guinea coast was strategically.. 24Th would depart from Goodenough island Japanese effort at the National Archives at College,! After landing on the little island of Cebu National Archives at College Park, Maryland that the land offensive scheduled... Up the New Guinea, and established several weeks later in Manila landings. Of a captured document at 12 pages consisted of two landings, one at Tanahmerah Bay and.. Documents, notified his superiors who in turn notified japanese invasion of dutch new guinea Allied Translation and Interpreter Section ( ATIS estimated... Koga was flying crashed at sea, with No survivors north-east part of Papua and New Britain grab bag in... 36 ] the air and naval attacks succeeded in isolating the remaining Japanese in.