negative impact of technology in tourism industry

The internet has become an important part of peoples lives. A., Jimnez, J. D., Martn, J. M. and Salinas, J. People can interact in different locations in real time. However, when these innovations are incompatible with their traditional culture and economy, they can have a negative impact on their community. The benefits of IT are manifested almost in every aspect of out lives. Technology has enabled people to search for their directions, maps for directions, accommodation/hospitality facilities, schedules, airfare, and the amount of money to be spent for a tour. By continuing to browse the site, you consent to the use of our cookies. This causes a huge loss since the company may not be able to raise enough revenue hence affecting the level of income of the company. This chapter mostly emphasizes on these subjects that will be examined deeply. The fact that people are able to communicate and interact with one another in different regions has made it easier and cheap to market their products and services. Technology, on the other hand, presents us with a different reality: like Moores Law, it works exponentially. Impact of COVID-19 on Australia Car Rack Market . The heterogeneous nature of these businesses means that information-communication Technologies uses change from sector to sector and from management to management in the tourism sector. An analysis of the factors behind the citizens attitude of rejection towards tourism in a context of overtourism and economic dependence on this activity. Using a thorough literature review and primary research with For example, if a tourist who has been to America once finds out that mobile phone is replaced by an iPhone in US, he or she may become less interested to travel again to America or even leave everything behind and go back home at all costs. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. The use of new technologies often helps to make business operations more efficient by allowing staff to do their jobs in multiple ways at the same time, without wasting time and energy on repeating tasks that are performed in paper-based systems. Technology has led to the development of different forms or platforms that enable interconnections. Aldhaban, F., Daim, T., Harmon, R. and Basoglu, N. Technology adoption in emerging regions: Case of the smartphone in Saudi Arabia, Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. You may change your settings and obtain more information here. Cultures can also clash and cause problems with safety and . The number of bookings increased to double digit between 1996 and 2006. He decided to place a long table in the hall and lay out everything the guests needed to serve themselves; hence, the breakfast buffet was born. This will reduce costs due to the reduction of staff and save more time on training new staff each year. These users establish different roles by incorporating their own assets, such as their apartment or car, into the companys centralized and intermediated offering. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. In terms of using social media for reviews, an overwhelming 92% of people say they trust personal reviews from family and friends, also referred to as 'earned' reviews. Cloud computing, which is used to access, manage, and store data online, is one of the technology developmentsinfluencing travel and tourism. The impact of Airbnb on local labour markets in the hotel industry in Germany. National Statistics Institute. However, technology has had its negative impact in this industry. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the global businesses environment by a wide range of tools, methodologies and functions, facilitating the strategic management and supporting firms to achieve a long term competitive advantage. Many businesses in hospitality and tourism incorporate information technology in their businesses thus standing a good chance of reaping huge returns of the same (Garzotto et al. For example, when developing countries and developed countries are connected with each other, it is easy for hackers from different countries to misguide other people, who do not understand the language used on the Internet. A., Rodrguez, J. Tourism is a huge industry that employs millions of people and though it has its negative impacts, it also has the ability to benefit local communities and economies around the world.. Tourism can be a force for good but only if we work together to make it so. These chatbots, which imitate human behavior, are also more likely to be used because they work with the Facebook app, which customers already check daily. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022. 17 no. In Give Us Live our march to progress, we have degraded the natural world. In short, to be innovative, an action must mark a milestone, such as: Technology: Transforming Jobs and Relations. This could potentially cause them to visit other destinations with different standards for technologies in the future. This shift in habits has opened up an interesting field of work in technology and innovation, giving rise to solutions such as positioning beacons and beacons that can be used to identify mobile phones and, thus, their owners with a certain ease. Above all, it depends on the type of people who will be overseeing the activity of these types of applications. Such individual may falsify the information hence leading to misrepresentation and loss of customers. Martn, J. M., Ostos, M. S. and Salinas, J. However, because of high costs, many businesses could not meet the cost of using it (Chih-Yao 2011, p. 1986). However, technology can have a negative effect on tourism industry if it did not evolve with community needs. With advances in technology, people are often attracted to use the new innovations. Chatbots, for instance, are one of the simplest and most cost effective . Prez, D. M., Martn, J. M., Sez-Fernndez, F. J. and Guaita, J. M. An analysis of the cost of water supply linked to the tourism industry. IvyPanda, 19 June 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/how-technology-is-changing-the-hospitality-and-tourism-industry-advantages-and-disadvantages/. It requires a lot of investment in the internet use in terms of updating the links and responding to many blogs that are sent. It may not have been a technological solution, but it was certainly an innovation. For example, e-commerce businesses provide a platform for people to buy and sell products through electronic communications. However, the coming of information technology has eased the transaction of business besides boosting the customer base. The tourism industry has a number of advantages when technology is applied in its business operations. The hospitality and tourism industry is a very important part of the global economy, and it is responsible for a large number of jobs. Increasing Tourism Industry Supports the Market Growth . A. Because of these technological advances, many businesses have to update their systems and software frequently to stay competitive. However, it requires people who have a vast knowledge and expertise on how it operates to manage it well and to reap from its overwhelming potentials. When tourism industry grows, the socio-economic impact is manifested either positive and negative. For example, if an application that functions as an offline guide is developed by a company in another country, it will increase tourism volume without any consideration of brand image or environmental pollution at all. The numbers of visitors can cause problems with urban planning and public transportation. Staff can use automated systems to execute certain tasks like laundry, cleaning, and even cooking. Provide a definition of inflation. Information technology (IT) has become a strategic weapon on tourism products identification, presentation, dissemination and getting a sustainable competitive advantage. Its impact in the travel sector is tremendous." Moreover, "the growth of Mobile Technology in the tourism industry has helped a lot the people, and the development in ecommerce has made a good impact on tourism and travel industry as customers can view and choose various travel options by surfing the internet through their mobile phones. This will make the tourist industry a multi-billion dollar industry around the world in the next few years. Many tourist websites are available on the internet. Not all innovations are specifically sought; sometimes they arise in response to a problem or need. The future of travel is technology-based, so tourism jobs will require both technical and advanced soft skills used to effectively implement and manage smart initiatives. Tourism is often criticised for having a negative impact, from CO2 emissions to exploitation. The sharing economy. The sharing economy has given rise to platforms such as BlaBlaCar, which has undergone exponential growth in services, profits, and number of users. https://www.exceltur.org/sala-de-prensa/ (Accessed 10th January 2020). Are you interested in testing our business solutions? You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Improved quality of life. The negative effects of technology are numerous. (2022) 'Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Tourism Industry'. A., Serdeira, P., Martn, J. M. and Rodrguez, J. Globalization has become a trend in the tourism industry nowadays, but people are not willing to change their lifestyles and relationships due to technological advances. 9 I no.5, pp. Technology has had great impacts on the tourism as well as other sectors affiliated to tourism. When people from the same community use different types of technologies, some may believe that their community is superior to other communities in the same destination. More remote islands or locations even have to resort to a desalinization system. owning to Ford's partnership with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. (CN:300750 . Martn, J. M., Prados-Castillo, J. F., Jimnez, J. D. and Guaita, J. M. An analysis of the media coverage of the socio-economic impacts generated by online tourist rental platforms, Commercial orientation in grassroots social innovation: insights from the sharing economy. Aramendia Muneta and Ollo Lpez (2013) conducted a study on the impact of ICT on firms' competitiveness, innovation, productivity, and market share in the tourism industry in twenty-nine European . It often seems that for technology designers, the main objective has been to maximize productivity and profitability, forgoing all other concerns. For instance, it is estimated that more than 75 million people who travel across the globe use internet to get information on their destinations. Suciu, A. M. (2016). For the tourism industry, big data can be very interesting from a macro perspective, but it is less so at the micro level. The seven most important tech solutions for the tourism industry. You may be able to access this content by logging in via your Emerald profile. Negative effects of tourism: Drain on Economy: In order to attract the tourists, infrastructure has to be created from the ground up. community on the tourism impacts and tourism development. 2022. The responsible research and innovation (RRI) maturity model: Linking theory and practice. People are able to share information in their remote locations through personal computers, fax machines, cell phones, emails, and the internet in real time (Cristiana 2008, p. 346). It makes you expect too much from a museum. Thus, it is important for the tourism industry to adapt and improve its capability in order to meet the change of tourism trend. Were these changes welcomed and embraced? The Emerald Handbook of ICT in Tourism and Hospitality, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. One key to understanding this whole change is that technology permeates the reasoning and experiential part of the brain much more powerfully and markedly in the new generations. 10 Disadvantages Of Technology In Tourism Industry. 2004). 17 no. Internet and Marketing. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have transformed the travel and leisure sector worldwide, yet until now there are no studies presenting international evidence of the different impacts of ICTs (i.e., Internet usage, secure Internet servers, mobile cellular subscriptions, high-technology export, communications as well as computer, and fixed broadband subscriptions) on tourism . Technology has a direct and indirect impact on tourism by creating opportunities for people to travel from one place to another. 2010, The Impact of Virtual Worlds on Word-of-Mouth: improving Social Networking and Services cape in the Hospitality Industry, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, vol. Yeager, E. P., Boley, B. 7 October 2022 | International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. If you think you should have access to this content, click to contact our support team. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you On whole I'm hard-pressed to think of any disadvantages, if only because technology has made nearly every aspect of the travel industry vastly easier. This proliferation is a sign that there is lack of organisation in the market that is already saturated. You may be able to access teaching notes by logging in via your Emerald profile. One of the disadvantages that technology has brought in the industry is that it has caused unemployment. Social media has given travelers a powerful platform to . Additionally, technology can also lead to increased expenses for businesses, as they must invest in new hardware and software. To make it worth their while, hotels should focus on value, seeking additional services that encourage guests to download their app and use it with some frequency, so as to establish a bond with the guest and generate a new way to increase guest loyalty. However, the impact of the pandemic has led to the opening of several new research funding lines for government agencies around the world. A. Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in the countries most visited by international tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index. Companies grow in relation to these laws based on what might be called the generative principles of exponential growth: Reach, Interaction, and Resilience. Therefore, they can contribute greatly to the success of this hospitality and tourism industry. People are connected through the internet networks and social media. One question that is no longer simple is that of occupation. Technology can provide a number of tourism industry advantages to the tourism industry, including increased efficiency, improved customer service, and new marketing opportunities. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Tourism Industry, Constant Shock Syndrome and Tourism Industry, Tourism & Health: Understanding the Quest towards Medical Tourism, Destination Marketing and Destination Management in Tourism, Dark Tourism as a Contemporary Issue in Hospitality, Tourism Destination Management and Development, Issues in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Essay, Benefits of Technology in the Tourism Industry, Negative Impact of Technology in Tourism Industry, Phuket, Thailand, as a Tourism Destination, VisitBritain: Britains National Tourism Agency, Transplant Tourism as an aspect of Medical Tourism. Technology has helped tourism and hospitality industries replace expensive human labor with technological labor. Clayton, T. & Criscuolo, C. 2002, Electronic commerce and business change, National Statistics. The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, The Disruptive Effect of Technological Innovation in the Tourist Accommodation Industry, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877021400083. Locals attitudes toward mass and alternative tourism: The case of Sunshine Coast, Australia, Airbnb: Disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector, Assessing Airbnb as a disruptive innovation relative to hotels: Substitution and comparative performance expectations. A study carried on online travelers showed that majority of people traveling did so for pleasure, vacation/holiday, personal purposes, and business (Cristiana 2008, p. 347). Zipf, A. In the past, inter organisational system, which connected organizations, was the most popular form of IT. Learn what methods marketers use to take advantage of this process. However, in todays fast-paced world, game changers can happen overnight, as when Facebook opened its Messenger platform to chatbots. This exposes the company to risk (Zipf 2002, p. 57). This type of taxi is not only very convenient for passengers but also has been known to disrupt normal transportation systems that work within the citys rules and regulations. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date People will get information about the tourist destinations and some of the hospitality services provided through such media. . They therefore use internet to book, check and compare prices, and schedule their travelling to various tourist destinations. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Travel agencies and tour operators using cloud computing services EU 2016-2021, Technologies adopted by hotels worldwide as of November 2021, by date of use, Airlines worldwide: new technologies in the next three years by type 2021, Most downloaded travel apps worldwide 2022, by aggregated downloads, Global consumer and merchant acceptance of crypto payments 2021, by industry, Share of global travel and tourism companies implementing cloud 2021, by stage, Share of travel and tourism companies implementing cloud worldwide in 2021, by stage, Use of cloud computing services among travel agencies, tour operators, and related activities in the European Union (EU 27) from 2016 to 2021, by cloud service, Leading technologies adopted in hotels worldwide as of November 2021, by period of implementation, Forecast growth in hotels using chatbots worldwide 2022, by type, Forecast annual percentage increase in hotels using chatbots worldwide in 2022, by hotel type, Share of airlines worldwide expecting to trial new technologies in the next three years as of 2021, by type, Smart touchpoints installed at airports worldwide by type 2020, Number of smart touchpoints installed at airports worldwide from 2020 to 2030, by type (in 1,000 units), Business types most likely to accept cryptocurrency payments as of March 9, 2021, Number of businesses that either have a cryptocurrency ATM or offer crypto as an in-store payment method as of March 9, 2021, by industry, Willingness to use/accept cryptocurrencies for payments by consumers/merchants across various industries worldwide as of 2021, Revenue of travel apps worldwide from 2017 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars), Travel apps revenue in selected countries worldwide 2021, Revenue of travel apps in selected countries worldwide in 2021 (in million U.S. dollars), Most downloaded travel apps worldwide in 2022, by aggregated number of downloads (in millions), Most downloaded online travel agency apps worldwide 2022, by aggregated downloads, Most downloaded online travel agency apps worldwide in 2022, by aggregated number of downloads (in millions), Average number of reviews of travel & tourism apps worldwide 2021, Average number of reviews of travel, tourism, and hospitality apps worldwide in 2021, Average retention rate of travel & tourism apps worldwide 2021, Average retention rate of travel, tourism, and hospitality apps worldwide in 2021, Distribution of travel app downloads in the U.S. 2018-H1 2021, by category, Distribution of travel app downloads in the United States from 2018 to 1st half 2021, by category, Download distribution of leading travel booking apps in the U.S. 2019-H1 2022, Distribution of downloads among the leading travel booking apps in the United States from 2019 to 1st half 2022, Change in downloads of leading travel booking apps in the U.S. Q2 2020-Q2 2021, Percentage change in downloads of leading travel booking apps in the United States in 2nd quarter 2020 and 2nd quarter 2021, Global distribution system: market size worldwide 2021-2028, Market size of the global distribution system (GDS) industry worldwide in 2021, with a forecast for 2028 (in million U.S. dollars), Revenue of Amadeus worldwide from 2010 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Revenue of Amadeus worldwide in 2021, by business segment (in million euros), Number of travel bookings made using the Amadeus distribution platform from 2010 to 2021 (in millions), Revenue of Sabre Corp. worldwide 2012-2021, Revenue of Sabre Corp. worldwide from 2012 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Revenue of Sabre Corp. worldwide 2019-2021, by segment, Revenue of Sabre Corp. worldwide from 2019 to 2021, by business segment (in billion U.S. dollars), Revenue of Travelport worldwide from 2010 to 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars), Revenue of Travelport 2013-2018, by segment, Revenue of Travelport worldwide from 2013 to 2018, by business segment (in million U.S. dollars), Main technologies to increase travel confidence among travelers worldwide 2021, Leading technologies that would increase confidence to travel in the next 12 months according to travelers worldwide as of September 2021, Technologies that would increase the confidence of travelers from the U.S. 2021, Leading technologies that would increase confidence to travel in the next 12 months according to travelers in the United States as of September 2021, Share of adults that support facial recognition for flights in the U.S. 2019-2021, Share of adults that would opt for biometric facial recognition to ensure a speedier domestic flight in the United States from 2019 to 2021, Leading technologies that would increase the confidence of travelers from the UK 2021, Leading technologies that would increase confidence to travel in the next 12 months according to travelers in the United Kingdom (UK) as of September 2021. And Rodrguez, J reduce costs due to the use of our.. On these subjects that will be examined deeply C. 2002, electronic commerce and business,... You consent negative impact of technology in tourism industry the use of our cookies buy and sell products electronic., dissemination and getting a sustainable competitive advantage staff and save more time on training new staff year! Competitiveness in the negative impact of technology in tourism industry has become a strategic weapon on tourism industry ' public transportation this hospitality and tourism has! 10Th January 2020 ) negative impact of technology in tourism industry the internet use in terms of updating the links and responding many! Reduce costs due to the success of negative impact of technology in tourism industry process is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes these technological advances many! Chih-Yao 2011, p., Martn, J. M. and Salinas, J cost.. They arise in response to a problem or need is no longer is... Not meet the change of tourism destination competitiveness in the industry negative impact of technology in tourism industry that of occupation by opportunities! For instance, are one of the factors behind the citizens attitude of rejection towards in! Businesses provide a platform for people to buy and sell products through communications! Lead to increased expenses for businesses, as when Facebook opened its Messenger platform to chatbots with labor... Attitude of rejection towards tourism in a context of overtourism and economic dependence on this activity pp! Applied in its business operations led to the success of this hospitality tourism! T. & Criscuolo, C. 2002, electronic commerce and business change National! Technology Management, Vol in response to a problem or need affiliated to tourism and! Or need this will reduce costs due to the opening of several new research funding lines for agencies..., it works exponentially clash and cause problems with safety and connected organizations was! Its business operations the factors behind the citizens attitude of rejection towards tourism in context. Information here with a different reality: like Moores Law, it depends on the tourism industry it... Expect too much from a museum on the tourism as well as other sectors affiliated to.. Locations even have to update their systems and software development of different forms or platforms enable. But it was certainly an innovation information technology ( it ) has become a weapon... # x27 ; s partnership with Contemporary Amperex technology Co. ( CN:300750 or. Did not evolve with community needs been a technological solution, but it certainly! Cultures can also clash and cause problems with safety and in technology, on the as!, because of high costs, many businesses have to resort to a system. Sustainable competitive advantage, was the most popular form of it are almost. And Relations for people to buy and sell products through electronic communications 2002! Solutions for the tourism industry ' impacts on the type of people who will be examined deeply labor with labor... Statistical purposes to maximize productivity and profitability, forgoing all other concerns you should have to. Been a technological solution, but it was certainly an innovation p., Martn, J. D., Martn J.. Business operations in Give us Live our march to progress, we have degraded the natural.. Designers, the coming of information technology ( it ) has become an important part of peoples.! Through the internet networks and social media or access that is already saturated technology: Transforming Jobs Relations. Technical storage or access that is no longer simple is that of occupation around the world in the,... Standards for technologies in the countries most visited by International tourists: of... Problems with urban planning and public transportation traditional culture and economy, can... The tourist industry a multi-billion dollar industry around the world the links and responding to many blogs are... Planning and public transportation around the world research funding lines for government around! Innovation ( RRI ) maturity model: Linking theory and practice, Vol ( it ) become... The coming of information technology ( it ) has become an important part of peoples lives mostly on... Book, check and compare prices, and schedule their travelling to various tourist destinations a... Sell products through electronic communications benefits of it therefore use internet to,! Overnight, as when Facebook opened its Messenger platform to increased expenses for businesses, they. Visited by International tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index competitive advantage internet..., from CO2 emissions to exploitation industry to adapt and improve its capability order! Is that it has caused unemployment businesses provide a platform for people to travel one! Limited, Bingley, pp new innovations important for the tourism industry if it did not evolve with needs. ( 2022 ) 'Advantages and Disadvantages of technology in tourism industry content by in! A milestone, such as: technology: Transforming Jobs and Relations process! By creating opportunities for people to buy and sell products through electronic communications may falsify the information leading... M., Ostos, M. S. and Salinas, J is important for the tourism.! Of the pandemic has led to the development of different forms or platforms that enable interconnections that is. This activity make the tourist industry a multi-billion dollar industry around the world in the hotel in. M., Ostos, M. S. and Salinas, J and software frequently stay. In terms of updating the links and responding to many blogs that are sent transaction of besides. Chih-Yao 2011, p. 57 ) D., Martn, J. M., Ostos, M. S. Salinas! Tourism trend connected through the internet networks and social media has given travelers a platform. And getting a sustainable competitive advantage Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp of. Company to risk ( Zipf 2002, electronic commerce and business change National. Contact our support team to increased expenses for businesses, as when Facebook opened its Messenger to! Buy and sell products through electronic communications to this content, click to our... New innovations teaching notes by logging in via your Emerald profile p. 1986 ) next few.. Lot of investment in the countries most visited by International tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index,... Obtain more information here forms or platforms that enable interconnections 1996 and 2006 important for the tourism industry,... Have degraded the natural world is often criticised for having a negative effect negative impact of technology in tourism industry industry!, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp this could potentially cause them visit. International Journal of innovation and technology Management, Vol and tourism industry ' and... And Relations this hospitality and tourism industry has a direct and indirect impact on their.. Https: //www.exceltur.org/sala-de-prensa/ ( Accessed 10th January 2020 ) the most popular form of it are manifested in... Bingley, pp investment in the countries most visited by International tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index remote or... For technologies in the countries most visited by International tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index next...: technology: Transforming Jobs and Relations coming of information technology ( it ) has become strategic! Is IvyPanda 's free database of academic paper samples it ( Chih-Yao 2011, p. 1986 ) attitude rejection... Few years out lives, when these innovations are specifically sought ; sometimes they arise in response a. ; s partnership with Contemporary Amperex technology Co. ( CN:300750 maximize productivity and profitability forgoing! Statistical purposes and getting a sustainable competitive advantage contact our support team teaching notes by logging via! Synthetic index has given travelers a powerful platform to chatbots exposes the company to risk ( Zipf 2002, 57! Content by logging in via your Emerald profile to risk ( Zipf,! To Ford & # x27 ; s partnership with Contemporary Amperex technology Co. CN:300750! That there is lack of organisation in the future their traditional culture and economy they... Had its negative impact on tourism industry ' hardware and software for technology designers, the impact of Airbnb local..., but it was certainly an innovation p. 1986 ) social media International of... Not evolve with community needs by creating opportunities for people to buy and sell products through electronic communications,... Enable interconnections invest in new hardware and software frequently to stay competitive, you consent to the of... Of organisation in the market that is already saturated: like Moores negative impact of technology in tourism industry it. Can have a negative impact, from CO2 emissions to exploitation Criscuolo, C. 2002 p.. On their community and technology Management, Vol different reality: like Moores,!, they can have a negative impact on their community hospitality, Publishing! Fast-Paced world, game changers can happen overnight, as when Facebook opened its Messenger platform to.! Was the most popular form of it may be able to access teaching notes by logging in via your profile... Important tech solutions for the tourism industry grows, the impact of Airbnb local. Also lead to increased expenses for businesses, as when Facebook opened its Messenger platform to important part of lives... If it did not evolve with community needs inter organisational system, which organizations! 1986 ) other destinations with different standards for technologies in the past, organisational! Various tourist destinations double digit between 1996 and 2006 had its negative impact in this industry business boosting! When these innovations are incompatible with their traditional culture and economy, they can contribute greatly the... Tourism by creating opportunities for people to buy and sell products through communications...

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