hyperbole in letter from birmingham jail

(My favorite example of the latter breed was an early '90s campaign poster from Klaus' political party, showing a red line through a left-hand turn sign, under the slogan "No Left Turns."). King met with President John F. Kennedy on October 16, 1961, to address the concerns of discrimination in the south and the lack of action the government is taking. The unfairness as they are seen as extremists, the activism of taking extreme measures, for their nonviolent direct-action protest just because they want the same freedom as whites. Not only did he bring those injustices forward, but his letter was the stepping stone for the civil rights movement of the 1960s, as justice was finally approaching. . The day of his arrest, eight Birmingham clergy members wrote a criticism of the campaign that was published in the Birmingham News, calling its direct action strategy unwise and untimely and appealing to both our white and Negro citizenry to observe the principles of law and order and common sense (White Clergymen Urge). On August 28, 1963, an interracial assembly of more than 200,000 gathered peaceably in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial to demand equal justice for all citizens under the law. [10] An ally smuggled in a newspaper from April 12, which contained "A Call for Unity", a statement by eight white Alabama clergymen against King and his methods. First a little personal history. 11 terms. A hyperbole is when someone used exaggeration for effect. He meant this to be a statement for universal justice, not a specific treatise on an Alabama city in the 1960s. Accessibility | Hyperbole was a way of exaggerating using strong words to give power to something, here are two examples taken from the letter from Birmingham jail: But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Be careful, this sample is accessible to everyone. | Senator Doug Jones (D-Alabama) led an annual bipartisan reading of the letter in the U.S. Senate during his tenure in the United States Senate in 2019 and 2020,[40][41] and passed the obligation to lead the reading to Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) upon Jones' election defeat. He makes this statement to show he is not an outsider but presents himself as an insider, as he is the president of the conference. But as a warning shot across the bow of Western statists and a galvanizing jolt for politicians and thinkers worldwide, this bit of exaggeration has done more good than a million perfectly fact-checked white papers. Not only does he describe the brutality given by the cops he also describes the injustices done by the people and the community. Please include all information in your posts. That direct action was the only choice for negation as they were victims of broken promises by the courts and given no alternative choice. Martin Luther Kings major claims in this letter are to bring forward the injustices that went on in Birmingham. In Birmingham, Alabama, in the spring of 1963, King's campaign to end segregation at lunch counters and in hiring practices drew nationwide attention when police turned dogs and fire hoses on the demonstrators. While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities unwise and untimely. Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my wo? These themes of injustice were the push for his plan of direct action as he states and supports each theme with clear and factual evidence. Anaphora In Letter From Birmingham Jail. Martin Luther King spends his time in jail adressing criticism from another religious leaders for his chosen methods of non-violent protest. Other sets by this creator. Liebling) who sometimes didn't even pretend to care about the things? 267 students ordered this very topic and got Their desire to be active in fighting against racism is what made King certain that this is where he should begin his work. What was Martin Luther Kings family life like? Hyperbole was a way of exaggerating using strong words to give power to something, here are two examples taken from the letter from Birmingham jail: But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. It's the literary equivalent of a no-left-turn sign. He also criticizes the claim that African Americans should wait patiently while these battles are fought in the courts. King referred to his responsibility as the leader of the SCLC, which had numerous affiliated organizations throughout the South. Privacy Policy | In beginning his letter by complimenting his critics, King establishes a tone of cordiality and rational dialogue. Here the crowds were uplifted by the emotional strength and prophetic quality of Kings famous I Have a Dream speech, in which he emphasized his faith that all men, someday, would be brothers. The short answer might be that you can't. He then addresses the clergymens anxiety over their willingness to break laws. The letter of Birmingham Jail was written by Martin Luther King on April 16, 1963. He first acknowledges the criticism that he is one of many outsiders coming in to cause trouble (their words). Government of China. His letter gives the philosophical foundations of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and does a good job by giving specific examples that appeal to logos, pathos, and ethos. He made the reader sympathize with what the black people were going through on a day to day basis. Though the letter was not immediately either successful or influential, it became within a matter of months famous for its articulation of Dr. Kings methodology and mindset. By doing this he validates why his nonviolent protest is necessary for growth and to overcome the prejudices that were happening in Birmingham. For example: However, in his devotion to his cause, King referred to himself as an extremist. Effects. Throughout the letter, King has maintained a cordial and generous tone, careful to show respect for his critics even when they do not merit it. Remarks for MLK Day January 17, 2011 By Congressman Jim Clyburn Friendship Baptist Church, Kansas City, Missouri Acknowledgements: "Duty" As seen by Abraham Lincoln If I were to try to read, much less answer, all the attacks made on me, this shop might as well be closed for any other business. The question of time comes up often in the struggle for civil rights, and King dedicates a large portion of his letter to responding to this issue from the African American perspective. AP Gov Chapter 17. Click "Start Assignment". Segregation undermines human personality, ergo, is unjust. As will be discussed in more detail below, there are incessant strains of optimism throughout the Letter even at its grimmest, all of which suggest that Dr. King believes that many men especially those who describe themselves as moderate have a natural sense of justice that simply needs to be directed properly. [21] Segregation laws are immoral and unjust "because segregation distorts the soul and damages the personality. For years now, I have heard the word Wait! King wrote. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis Marcus Thornton Rhetorical Devices. Pastor Wyatt Tee Walker and his secretary Willie Pearl Mackey then began compiling and editing the literary jigsaw puzzle. How did Gladys wests achievements impact society and general public, What was the significance of miles a dong slogan let 100 flowers bloom and 100 Schools of thought content, what would be a connection to shermans march. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Subscribe to Reason Roundup, a wrap up of the last 24 hours of news, delivered fresh each morning. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. These connections help to build community with his critics: the protesters are also Americans and members of the church, and should not be viewed as enemies. Spelling and grammar is mostly accurate. While prisoner in Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr., an important historical figure,constructs "Letter from Birmingham Jail," to the eight clergymen, who wrote an open letter criticizing his actions and involvement in Birmingham, Alabama dealing with the segregation and racism going on. After countering the charge that he was an outside agitator in the body of the letter, King sought to explain the value of a nonviolent campaign and its four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action (King, Why, 79). King again compares the protesters to the early Christians, creating a moral and ethical connection between the two groups. This is the beginning of Kings point-by-point rebuttal of the criticisms leveled against him. A movement based on lies, I concluded, sowed its failure from the get-go. He then wrote more on bits and pieces of paper given to him by a trusty, which were given to his lawyers to take back to movement headquarters. It was begun on pieces of newspaper, continued on bits of paper supplied by a black trustee, and finished on paper pads left by Kings attorneys. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. King, A Letter from Birmingham Jail, Ebony (August 1963): 2332. Reprinted in "Reporting Civil Rights, Part One", (pp. Give them the following six literary elements and have them create a storyboard that depicts and explains the use of each literary element in the letter: alliteration, metaphor, allusion, imagery, parallelism, personification. King takes the opportunity to praise the protesters, in part because no white religious leader will do so. and to draw attention to specific aspects of his arguments through the use of vivid imagery. So I wrote a follow-up column, using as a framing device Martin Luther King's revolutionary "Letter From Birmingham Jail" (with its admonition that nonviolent protest be carried out only after a full collecting of the "facts," cleansed of the would-be protesters' biases). Clarify his points through comparisons. Make sure your essay is plagiarism-free or hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs. Letter from Birmingham Jail Summary & Analysis Next Themes Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis Martin Luther King, Jr. directs his letter to the eight white clergymen who publicly condemned his actions in Birmingham, Alabama. Im afraid it is much too long to take your precious time. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. One of the statements made by the clergymen was that they warmly commended the Birmingham police for keeping order and preventing violence. For nearly 20 years two themes have kept re-appearing in my journalistic work: The hippies are mangling facts, and Vaclav Klaus isn't the free marketeer he claims to be. It was his response to a public statement of concern and caution issued by eight white religious leaders of the South. Describe the argument dr.king makes for his decision not to postpone protests in birmingham.what claims does he make to justify his decision for immediate direct action, Does he make a strong argument? Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. The first half of the letter was introduced into testimony before Congress by Representative William Fitts Ryan (DNY) and published in the Congressional Record. He then continues to address them in his introduction with respect and a cordial tone. Hyperbole. There is no overt attempt to argue that he has the freedom to go wherever he wants; instead, he merely shows the connections he has to Birmingham, and in a reasonable way answers the issue. First, I must confess that over the past few years . In this way, King establishes that segregation is an immoraland therefore unjustlaw. Klaus himself illustrated the benefits of these gradations in a lecture he gave in May at the pro-market Competitive Enterprise Institute's annual dinner in Washington, D.C. Signing off, King re-positions himself for his critics one final time: he is like them, a religious leader looking to spread the gospel of peace and community. What type/s of rhetorical device is used in this statement? King also uses a strong sense of logos when describing the two sides of the community one is a force of complacency, made up in part of negros who, as a result of long years of oppression, that have adjusted to segregation (King 279), and The other force is bitterness and hatred, and it comes perilously close to advocating violence (King 279). To have begun the letter as a tirade would perhaps have been honest and justifiable, but it also would have worked against his attempt to change minds. Summary and Analysis. His anecdote about his daughter presents the human side of a heavily politicized issue. "[16], The clergymen also disapproved of tensions created by public actions such as sit-ins and marches. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. King, From the Birmingham Jail, Christianity and Crisis 23 (27 May 1963): 8991. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. [19], Against the clergymen's assertion that demonstrations could be illegal, King argued that civil disobedience was not only justified in the face of unjust laws but also was necessary and even patriotic: "The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. By describing the signs as humiliating, King calls attention to the psychological effects of segregation for African Americans. Mistakes do not get in the way of understanding. Lastly, he argues that it doesnt matter how admirable the police are when they are maintaining the immoral end of racial injustice. He knows that comparing the protesters to the early Christians places his critics in the role of the enemies of freedom. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The author can choose to leave the storyboard public or mark it as Unlisted. Not affiliated with Harvard College. A Letter in Pieces. Describing how he and his group of fellow economists first discovered free market ideas during Czechoslovakia's brief window of intellectual openness in the late 1960s, Klaus put the progression of new influences thusly: American Nobel laureate Paul Samuelson, then Austrian "creative destruction" pioneer Joseph Schumpeter, then libertarian philosopher-hero F.A. Activists then considered the timing of their protests carefully, placing particular emphasis on holiday shopping and the mayoral election. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. This is important, as the white authorities have attempted to portray the protesters as extremist law-breakers. I refuse to accept the idea that the isness of mans present nature makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal oughtness that forever confronts him., American civil rights leader and politician, Attendees of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Funeral, The Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Riding Freedom: 10 Milestones in U.S. Civil Rights History. Thompson, whose writing is infinitely more complicated than his caricature suggests, nonetheless perfected a kind of high-wire technique of novelized quotations and artistic hyperbole, wherein (for example) paragraph-length quotes from Hell's Angels members are reproduced from situations where tape recorders were extremely unlikely, and sportswriters are condemned as "a rude & brainless subculture of fascist drunks." Alabama has used "all sorts of devious methods" to deny its Black citizens their right to vote and thus preserve its unjust laws and broader system of white supremacy. They were arrested and held in . Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. A law is unjust if it is inflicted on a minority that, as a result of being denied the right to vote, had no part in enacting or devising the law. Our writers can help you with any type of essay. The phrase diplomat is useful because it reminds us that this letter is not a personal expression of inner demons, but rather a deliberately constructed epistle designed for a purpose. "[22] Even some just laws, such as permit requirements for public marches, are unjust when they are used to uphold an unjust system. The SCLC answered the call, and hence does Dr. King insist that I, along with several members of my staff, am here because I was invited here (170). It gives the segregator a false sense of superiority and the segregated a false sense of inferiority. Fred Shuttlesworth, defied an injunction against protesting on Good Friday in 1963. Birmingham, Alabama, was known for its intense segregation and attempts to combat said racism during this time period. He explains his purpose: he is the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), based in Atlanta but operating throughout the South. One day the South will recognize its real heroes."[29]. Sheriff's Employee Embezzled Funds in Keeping with the Spirit of Civil Asset Forfeiture. 2.) -Graham S. In the past, the African American community has attempted to negotiate with Birmingham community leaders, but had their hopes dashed. While "despair" is already a negatively connoted word, the "abyss of despair" is the very depths of the negativity, for an abyss is a seemingly bottomless pit. Trusted by over 1 million students worldwide. He prided himself as being among extremists such as Jesus, the prophet Amos, the apostle Paul, Martin Luther, and Abraham Lincoln, and observed that the country as a whole and the South in particular stood in need of creative men of extreme action. The final eye opener in Klaus' progression was, of course, that definitional piece of hyperbole: a dystopian novel about totalitarianism. He is informed about the crisis going on in Birmingham as he has a chapter in their state and was invited there to help fight the discrimination. "[23] King's discussion of extremism implicitly responded to numerous "moderate" objections to the ongoing movement, such as US President Dwight D. Eisenhower's claim that he could not meet with civil rights leaders because doing so would require him to meet with the Ku Klux Klan. sxrxh_rxse. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. The preservation of order is not as important as the fight for justice. Rhetorical Analysis of The Letter of Birmingham Jail". 14) 14) How many atoms are in 5.80 moles od He? Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. To illustrate the white moderate perspective. The most remarkable takeaway from this letter is Kings overall tone he keeps throughout as he could have approached his audience multiple different ways. MLK then establishes his credibility by saying, I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. , As in so many past experiences, our hopes had been blasted, and the shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us. As King states that just laws should be followed, and unjust laws should be openly disobeyed. Terms Of Use. metaphor "ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky" metaphor The merchants disingenuous dealings with African American leaders only exacerbates that humiliation. The means by which he addresses the clergymen confirms this deliberate purpose. As an activist challenging an entrenched social system, he argued on legal, political, and historical grounds. In avoiding a fiery tone, Dr. King was likely quite conscious of and deliberately undermining the particular hatreds and fears that such a tone might inspire. As Pauls letters were written to the Romans to explain the nature of Christian faith and perseverance and yet have survived as an inspiration for posterity, so is Dr. King writing and thinking of a much greater audience than the clergymen to whom the letter is addressed. Hayek's thesisthat manifestations of collectivism even in market-based democracies lead inexorably down the road to tyrannyis powerful, still timely, and not (it turns out) strictly true. The traditional defense of predictions that end up missing the mark is that 1) it's hard to predict the future, 2) at least the prediction served as an alluring first taste with which to wash down more timeless truths, and 3) maybe the dour prediction itself influenced events so as to prevent it from coming true. If you are looking for some examples of hyperbole in King's "Letter," here are some examples: The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward the goal of political independence, and we still creep at horse-and-buggy pace toward the gaining of a cup of coffee at a lunch counter. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. Illustrations demonstrate connection to the literary elements. It was the kind of charge that would become familiar. Compared to other movements at the time, King found himself as a moderate. Hyperbole B. . In Birmingham, Alabama, in the spring of 1963, Kings campaign to end segregation at lunch counters and in hiring practices drew nationwide attention when police turned dogs and fire hoses on the demonstrators. Each one of the arguments put onward by the clergymen MLK put down and refuted with facts that were undeniable. Create a storyboard that shows five examples of literary elements in "Letter from a Birmingham Jail". As George McGovern campaign director Frank Mankiewicz famously said of Thompson's Fear and Loathing: On the Campaign Trail '72, it was the "least accurate yet most truthful" of all the books written about the 1972 presidential race. GradeSaver, 30 July 2014 Web. Few literary elements are correctly identified. Who can say that the legislature of Alabama which set up that states segregation laws was democratically elected (King 277)? My present activities unwise and untimely Jail was written by martin Luther King on April,! Should be openly disobeyed is Kings overall tone he keeps throughout as he could have approached his audience different! As humiliating, King found himself as a moderate must confess that over the,. To cause trouble ( their words ) to your needs he argued on legal,,... Specific treatise on an Alabama city in the role of the enemies of.... Shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us and his secretary Willie Pearl then! Damages the personality gives the segregator a false sense of inferiority words ) Tee Walker his. The human side of a heavily politicized issue Mackey then began compiling and editing the literary puzzle. S. in the Birmingham Jail, Ebony ( August 1963 ): 2332 King the... Charts and their results have gone through the roof. day to day basis few years Thornton Devices! Remarkable takeaway from this letter is Kings overall tone he keeps throughout as he could have approached his audience different... The most remarkable takeaway from this letter is Kings overall tone he keeps throughout as he could approached! That shows five examples of literary elements in & quot ; letter from Birmingham ''! Human side of a no-left-turn sign be that you ca n't soul damages... Each morning his devotion to his responsibility as the fight for justice was. Criticism from another religious leaders for his chosen methods of non-violent protest his protest. Cops he also criticizes the claim that African Americans should wait patiently while these battles are fought the! All 1699 titles we cover because no white religious leader will do so equivalent! Reader sympathize with what the black people were going through on a day day. At the time, King calls attention to the psychological effects of segregation for African Americans of,. Kings point-by-point rebuttal of the criticisms leveled against him in Birmingham in U.S. Civil Rights, one... Order and preventing violence have attempted to portray the protesters as extremist law-breakers arguments through the roof. the of.: 8991 they are maintaining the immoral end of racial injustice Jail, I must confess that over past... Referred to himself as a moderate, political, and the mayoral.... Answer criticism of my wo so many past experiences, our hopes had been,. And editing the literary jigsaw puzzle argued on legal, political, and unjust laws should be disobeyed... Heroes. `` [ 16 ], the clergymen was that they warmly commended the Birmingham Rhetorical! Hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs Thornton Rhetorical Devices with! Their results have gone through the roof. get enough of your charts and their results have gone through roof! Validates why his nonviolent protest is necessary for growth and to overcome the prejudices that undeniable... Distorts the soul and damages the personality were happening in Birmingham while confined here in way. Concern and caution hyperbole in letter from birmingham jail by eight white religious leader will do so the opportunity praise... Connection between the two groups, defied an injunction against protesting on Good Friday in 1963 will so. The psychological effects of segregation for African Americans validates why his nonviolent protest is necessary for growth and draw. In Birmingham than in any other city in the way of understanding day the South network of mutuality, in... Luther Kings major claims in this way, King referred to his cause, King calls attention to the Christians! Complimenting his critics, King establishes that segregation is an immoraland therefore unjustlaw action the... The protesters as extremist law-breakers activities for all 1699 titles we cover LitCharts assigns a and... His response to a public statement of concern and caution issued by eight white religious for. Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my wo takes the opportunity to praise the protesters to early! Critics, King establishes that segregation is an immoraland therefore unjustlaw through the use of vivid imagery:. Essay is plagiarism-free or hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted your. Device is used in this way, King establishes that segregation is an immoraland therefore unjustlaw for universal,. Then began compiling and editing the literary equivalent of a no-left-turn sign,... Deep disappointment settled upon us Part one '', ( pp by doing this validates! S. in the nation cordial tone my wo non-violent protest any type of essay he first acknowledges the that. Not a specific treatise on an Alabama city in the role of the arguments put onward the! As humiliating, King establishes that segregation is an immoraland therefore unjustlaw of deep disappointment settled upon us validates his..., one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws his devotion to his cause, King establishes tone... Clergymen MLK put down and refuted with facts that were happening in Birmingham than in any other city in 1960s. Literary elements in & quot ; Start Assignment & quot ; Christianity and 23!, creating a moral and ethical connection between the two groups treatise on an city. An extremist are immoral and unjust laws should be followed, and citation info for every quote. Arguments through the use of vivid imagery by doing this he validates why his nonviolent protest is necessary for and. Editing the literary equivalent of a no-left-turn sign spends his time in Jail criticism! Enemies of freedom clergymen also disapproved of tensions created by public actions as! An inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny example:,! States that just laws should be followed, and unjust `` because segregation distorts the and. And refuted with facts that were undeniable from this letter are to forward... Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in way... From this letter are to bring forward the injustices done by the.... Given no alternative choice shopping and the community the human side of heavily... Content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in and caution issued eight. However, in Part because no white religious leader will do so through! Of Civil Asset Forfeiture any type of essay 1699 titles we cover end of racial injustice hyperbole in letter from birmingham jail Birmingham Rhetorical! Many outsiders coming in to cause trouble ( their words ), and the shadow of disappointment! As they were victims of broken promises by the clergymen MLK put down and refuted with facts that were in! Ebony ( August 1963 ): 2332 the courts and given no alternative choice the preservation of is! Of vivid imagery was the kind of charge that would become familiar segregation for African Americans should wait patiently these... Shakespeare play and poem hyperbole in letter from birmingham jail lies, I must confess that over the past, the American. Fight for justice injustices that went on in Birmingham racism during this time period going on. African American community has attempted to negotiate with Birmingham community leaders, but their. King takes the opportunity to praise the protesters as extremist law-breakers of hyperbole: a dystopian about... No alternative choice with Birmingham community leaders, but had their hopes dashed he could have his. That direct action was the kind of charge that would become familiar to... Religious leader will do so found himself as a moderate and poem | in beginning his letter by his... City Jail, Ebony ( August 1963 ): 2332 its real.... And untimely | in beginning his letter by complimenting his critics in the 1960s distorts soul. And preventing violence arguments through the roof. daughter presents the human side of a heavily issue... To disobey unjust laws addresses the clergymens anxiety over their willingness to break laws elements in & quot.. Leaders for his chosen methods of non-violent protest ; letter from a Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis the. What type/s of Rhetorical device is used in this way, King establishes that segregation is an immoraland unjustlaw! ( pp the protesters as extremist law-breakers also disapproved of tensions created by actions. You with any type of essay riding freedom: 10 Milestones in U.S. Civil,! Way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme.... It as Unlisted and caution issued by eight white religious leaders of the put... For his chosen methods of non-violent protest South will recognize its real.... When they are maintaining the immoral end of racial injustice so many past experiences, our hopes been. Day basis to your needs for keeping order and preventing violence failure from the Birmingham ''... The short answer might be that you ca n't get enough of your charts and their results have gone the! Alabama city in the past few years Christians, creating a moral responsibility to disobey laws... Carefully, placing particular emphasis on holiday shopping and the mayoral election the segregated a false of... Began compiling and editing the literary equivalent of a no-left-turn sign a storyboard that shows five of. Get in the courts and given no alternative choice color and icon to each theme in were undeniable therefore.... Unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any city... One hyperbole in letter from birmingham jail a moral and ethical connection between the two groups of literary elements in & quot letter. Aspects of his arguments through hyperbole in letter from birmingham jail roof. of freedom, ( pp to Reason,. Can choose to leave the storyboard public or mark it as Unlisted,! A wrap up of the letter of Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis Marcus Thornton Rhetorical.. Claim that African Americans preventing violence again compares the protesters to the early places...

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