carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses

Mowing or slashing is not always reliable because the plant can regrow from the base and produce seeds very quickly. Would you like email updates of new search results? The brown seeds do not usually dehisce from the seedheads, and this may be important in the establishment of these seeds in the seedbed litter (Evans et al. Copyright 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2,4-D is lethal to 50% of tested animals (LD50) at 300-1000 mg/kg body weight and is classified as being of "little" to "some" hazard. %PDF-1.6 % GRAZING, Grazing by sheep, goats, and horses can be effective in control- ling thistles, but cattle are of little value (Parsons 1973). Repeated greenhouse inoculations of the rust on growing rosettes significantly reduced the growth of C. pycnocephalus but not the number of florets (Oliveri 1984). Genus Carduus which belongs to the family Astraceae includes approximately 100 species worldwide ( Chaudhary, 2000) and is widely distributed around the Mediterranean. We suggest you upgrade to a modern browser. It prefers soils of high fertility, and its seedlings establish best on bare or disturbed sites (Wheatley 1971, Parsons 1973). 1978). Epub 2006 Nov 2. C. pycnocephalus seeds exhibit polymorphism, with brown seeds that have less mucilage and germinate at lower temperatures than silver seeds. Were sorry, but GBIF doesnt work properly without JavaScript enabled. 1979). Most contact oils evaporate slowly and owe their plant toxicity to their high content of aromatic compounds. Italian Plumeless-thistle - Italian plumeless thistle. No after-ripening is required, and seeds can germinate either rapidly or after a long dormancy period. Spraying oil on thistle will be effective only if entire plants are coated. In field situations, the added hardship of intra- and interspecific competition may cause a greater effect on thistle populations. Cal-IPCCalifornia Invasive Plant Council species treatment: Mattole Restoration Council: Italian Thistle (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carduus_pycnocephalus&oldid=1076346843, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 March 2022, at 17:14. C. pycnocephalus can germinate at a variety of soil depths. The length of time the seeds can survive in the soil is not known but appears to be at least 8 years (Parsons 1973). A Certified Pest Control Applicator should be hired for large jobs or those requiring nonselective herbicides. Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) is a winter annual forb (family Asteraceae) that is native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, northern Africa, western Asia. Calflora, a 501c3 non-profit - 1700 Shattuck Avenue #198, Berkeley, CA 94709 - 510 883-3148 stream Syst. Seeds of C. pycnocephalus exhibit rapid germination (within 2 weeks) at optimum temperatures (Evans et al. .4-.6 in (1-1.4cm) long, and the fruits are brown to gold, with a bristly, minutely barbed pappus. Grubbing hoes must cut the plants 2 to 4 inches below ground level to prevent resprouting from dormant axillary buds. Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. Bookshelf It is native to: the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia; East Europe and the Caucasus; and the Indian Subcontinent.[2]. The areas are then heavily grazed with sheep at more than twice the normal stocking rate. One drawback is its long persistence in the soil, up to 18 months. Sheep selectively graze the tender thistles and will kill 90-95% of the weeds. Ants may also play a role in dispersing the seeds (Uphof 1942). C. pycnocephalus has been rapidly spreading on rangelands previously dominated by alien annual grasses (Evans et al. Species Impact: Though some Carduus species are known to accumulate nitrates in toxic quantities, C. pycnocephalus has apparently not been incriminated as a toxic weed (Goeden 1974). It is most effective when applied in February or March at 1/8 to 1/16 lb acid equivalent per acre. Wb p Carduus pycnocephalus can be distinguished from other thistle species by its relatively small and few terminal flowerheads and narrow phyllaries with copious tiny, firm, forward-pointing hairs, especially on the midrib (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973). Cone sprayers produce greater atomization of the chemicals and increase the chance of drift into unwanted areas. Carduus pycnocephalus, a member of the Thistle tribe of the Composite family, is an erect winter annual herb 3-18 dm tall. The adults are foliage feeders, but more importantly the larvae mine crowns of rosettes and tips of expanding and expanded shoots, blasting the latter, and thus reduce the production of flowerheads. Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats Public Records: 1Specimens with Barcodes: 1Species With Barcodes: 1, Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable, Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked. /app/up/entry/73/th/22000.jpg:!0000 0000 0108 1272:!/app/up/mg/44/th/13398.jpg:!/app/up/entry/29/th/8868.jpg:!/app/up/cbo/248/th/74532.jpg:!/app/up/mg/280/th/mg84205-2.jpg:!/app/up/mg/185/th/mg55602-2.jpg:!/app/up/io/39/th/io11908-0.jpg:!/app/up/gp/78/th/15673.jpg:!/app/up/entry/90/th/27010.jpg:!0000 0000 1104 0321:! Seeds are also spread when infested pastures are cut and the hay fed to animals on clean areas. Selective weed oils: There are several petroleum oils used for weed control. Please refer to the PNW Weed Management Handbook, or contact your county noxious weed coordinator. Plant Assessment Form - Information gathered by Cal-IPC on the impacts, rate of spread, and distribution of invasive plants in California. subsp. 1979). 2022 Mar;19(3):e202100827. . The weevil was released on infestations of Italian and slender-flower thistles at 16 sites in 11 counties in northern California during 1975-77 with establishment at most of the sites (Hawkes et al. Dr. McHenry recommends using a flat-fan nozzle (Spraying Systems Co. #8003 or 8004 nozzle tip) rather than the cone nozzles available on most garden sprayers. C. pycnocephalus does not reproduce vegetatively, but its seeds are well equipped for dispersal by wind because of the large pappus and relatively small size. Carduus pycnocephalus is present on both the Ring Mountain and Jepson Prairie preserves in California, with Ring Mountain having the most significant infestation. Surfactants affect the surface property of the spray by lowering surface tension to increase the herbicide's effectiveness. In high fertility situations, using a roller to compact the soil is recommended during seedbed preparation (but not during seed sowing). hbbd```b``"o5 IDu0&IsNGR"Y:@$ Jordon-Thaden and Louda (2003) and Barros et al. The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. Brahmi-Chendouh N, Piccolella S, Gravina C, Fiorentino M, Formato M, Kheyar N, Pacifico S. Foods. Encyclopedia of Puget Sound is published by the Puget Sound Institute at the UW Tacoma Center for Urban Waters. C. pycnocephalus seeds are mucilaginous, unlike most other thistles. Genus: Carduus View Description Dichotomous Key Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. Pobierz bezpatne zdjcia i wektory kolce oset. However, according to Charles Turner (1985) of the USDA Biocontrol Lab in Albany, California, it is possible that these insects may also prey on several of the endangered native thistles in the genus CIRSIUM. It survives best at low temperatures with short photoperiods (Kok 1979). 1979). Flickr photos above were identified by the individual photographers but not reviewed by EoPS. Continuous grazing significantly reduces thistle numbers but is not as effective as the use of an autumn break (Bendall 1973). (Hawkes et al. Spraying oil on thistle will be effective only if entire plants are coated. This weevil mainly reproduces on certain thistles belonging to the Carduus-Silybumcirsium complex. Its inability to reproduce vegetatively makes control easier, but constant monitoring will be necessary due to its potentially long seed dormancy (to 8 years). It is native to: the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia; East Europe and the Caucasus; and the Indian Subcontinent. Though some Carduus species are known to accumulate nitrates in toxic quantities, C. pycnocephalus has apparently not been incriminated as a toxic weed (Goeden 1974). 1979). 8600 Rockville Pike Unfortunately, half of the identified species of insects found feeding on C. pycnocephalus in southern California are also pests of cultivated plants, thus not good choices for biocontrol. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). subsp. C. pycnocephalus can germinate at a variety of soil depths. C. pycnocephalus apparently arrived in California during the 1930s (Goeden 1974). 2023 Jan 10;12(2):319. doi: 10.3390/plants12020319. [5][10], Biological control agents have limited success with Carduus pycnocephalus. 1979). Disclaimer. In the U.S. it is found in only a few parts of Texas and Arkansas but is rapidly spreading and "out of control" in most of California (Dunn 1976). Cultivation before seed production will eventually eliminate thistles, but only if repeated for several years. After their introduction to See Canyon in southern California, the weevil destroyed 90% of the achenes and infested 91% of the capitula; however, the population of C. pycnocephalus did not decline (Goeden and Ricker 1978). Contact: Larry Serpa, Area Manager. This species has been studied in depth by USDA entomologists as a natural enemy of musk thistle, but certainly should also be considered for importation into California for C. pycnocephalus control" (Goeden 1974). The use of herbicides to control C. pycnocephalus may not be appropriate on natural areas such as Nature Conservancy preserves. Sixteen edible plants from Southern Italy were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative properties, using the sulforodamine B (SRB) assay, on four human cancer cell lines: breast cancer MCF-7, prostate cancer LNCaP, amelanotic melanoma C32 and renal adenocarcinoma ACHN. For larger areas where the thistles are dominant, cultivation and cropping is a successful method of control provided a vigorous perennial pasture is established immediately after the cropping phase. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Carduus tenuiflorus var. Seed dispersal by water and on animals and machinery is less important (Parsons 1973). The use of herbicides to control C. pycnocephalus may not be appropriate on natural areas such as Nature Conservancy preserves. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Epub 2022 Jan 27. The herbicidal use of oils depends on their chemical and physical properties. 463 0 obj <>stream The hydroalcoholic extracts of four wild edible Carduus species collected in Sardinia (Carduus argyroa Biv., Carduus nutans subsp. The chemical is noncorrosive and is generally considered nonharmful to wildlife. Most contact oils evaporate slowly and owe their plant toxicity to their high content of aromatic compounds. C. pycnocephalus apparently arrived in California during the 1930s (Goeden 1974). Slashing is more effective than mowing as it destroys the aerial part of the plant more thoroughly (Parsons 1973). 2,4-D is lethal to 50% of tested animals (LD50) at 300-1000 mg/kg body weight and is classified as being of "little" to "some" hazard. Bendall (1974) found that 85% of Carduus pycnocephalus seeds produce germination inhibitors, but they are readily leached. (You can unsubscribe anytime. The ITS region was sequenced in parallel, and a PCR-RFLP method was applied with three selective restriction enzymes. Cauline leaves are tomentose on the underside and contain spines on the lobe tips. Carduus pycnocephalus can be distinguished from other thistle species by its relatively small and few terminal flowerheads and narrow phyllaries with copious tiny, firm, forward-pointing hairs, especially on the midrib (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973). Optimum conditions for rust infection (18 to 20 C, 90 to 100% relative humidity) are likely to occur in autumn, in regions with a Mediterranean climate. Tel. This weevil has been studied in depth as a candidate biological control agent by USDA entomologists and may be usefully employed against C. pycnocephalus and other Carduus species in North America in the near future" (Goeden 1974). Carduus pycnocephalus was one of the first weeds selected for biological control study by the USDA (Schroeder 1980). Carduus pycnocephalus, a vigorous annual thistle, arrived in California during the 1930s and has since become a serious weed problem. Genus Carduus Species pycnocephalus Variety Cultivar Common names Italian plumeless thistle Family ASTERACEAE Specimen number S1462 Data source BtrflyCa p55 . Carduus pycnocephalus Media in category " Carduus pycnocephalus " The following 141 files are in this category, out of 141 total. albidus - C. p . The primary threat of this weed is its ability to dominate sites throughout California. This is the profile for the plant - Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. Stem: 2--20 dm, glabrous or slightly woolly, narrowly spiny-winged. 2016;30(8):920-5. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1079189. Spraying should be done on calm days with dry plants (dew or rain will dilute the herbicide, reducing its effectiveness). Application should be at the rate of 1-1.5 lbs/100 gallons of water with 1 quart of surfactant/100 gallons. C. pycnocephalus is a problem on Nature Conservancy property in this state and presents additional problems on grazed pastures. High pH (6.5) also favors growth (Bendall 1975). No after-ripening is required, and seeds can germinate either rapidly or after a long dormancy period. The areas are then heavily grazed with sheep at more than twice the normal stocking rate. (Goeden and Ricker 1978). 1981). 2,4-D: 2,4-D is a phenoxy-type herbicide used for broadleaf weed control that works as a selective hormone or growth regulator. Home | Contact | UW Privacy | UW Terms of Use. 1982). 2,4-D can be used in combination with biological control measures to control Carduus. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Global Range: Carduus pycnocephalus originated in western and southern Europe but today is widespread throughout temperate parts of the world. Seed germination rate in Carduus pycnocephalus is very high, ranging between 83-96%. %%EOF Several recent studies (Kok 1980, Trumble and Kok 1980a, 1980b) have shown that the weevil Rhinocyllus conicus is not adversely affected by field applications of 2,4-D. Hand pulling, cultivation, and grazing are all effective control measures. Is this Weed Toxic? Since it is a nonselective herbicide, it must be carefully applied. [8] Mowing and slashing are not reliable as the plant is able to regrow and produce seed even at a height of 3 inches (7.6cm). At a depth of 0.5-2.0 cm germination is highest, but some seeds germinate to a depth of 8 cm (Evans et al. Italian plumeless thistle, compact-headed thistle, Italian thistle, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board, http://wiki.bugwood.org/index.php?title=Carduus_pycnocephalus&oldid=49872, Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health at the University of Georgia, This page was last modified 15:09, 18 December 2013 by. Seeds are also spread when infested pastures are cut and the hay fed to animals on clean areas. Ethiopian traditional medi- . !Ct2eO@u%h&;4OL9%p=#$`05l6u+zL/=m=5gE+aSFWc$19#t30;`xePH41RcO5`+~+4/]Y. Biological control techniques for Carduus species have been extensively studied. subsp. It is a host species for the introduced weevil, Rhinocilus conicus, which also attacks native thistles. Grazing by sheep, goats, and horses can be effective in controlling thistles, but cattle are of little value (Parsons 1973). -. In California, more than 40 species of indigenous or introduced phytophagous insects have adopted this alien weed as an alternate food-plant, at least 15 of which also find it a suitable reproduc- tive host. Catlogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. These species are Psylliodes chalsomera, Rhinocyllus conicus, and Ceutorhynchuys trimaculatus. "Larvae thought to be Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus were recovered from mines in crowns of C. pycnocephalus rosettes in central Italy, though only adults were positively identified as fairly consistent associates of this plant. Similarly, plants which are cut close to flowering time can produce seed on the cut portion. The mucilage is abundant and adhesive enough to aid in seed dispersal (Evans et al. 85 % of the world herbicide 's effectiveness plants which are cut and the hay fed to animals on areas! Have less mucilage and germinate at lower temperatures than silver seeds: //creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ http... Is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this.! New carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses results state and presents additional problems on grazed pastures ( 2:319.... Seeds very quickly because the plant - Carduus pycnocephalus, a vigorous annual thistle, in. Southern Europe but today is widespread throughout temperate parts of the thistle of! Below ground level to prevent resprouting from dormant axillary buds to a depth of cm... Gold, with brown seeds that have less mucilage and germinate at a variety of soil.... Or contact your county noxious weed coordinator in combination with biological control measures control! Registered trademarks of the weeds rangelands previously dominated by alien annual grasses ( Evans et al with 1 quart surfactant/100... Not reviewed by EoPS that 85 % of Carduus pycnocephalus eliminate thistles, only! Grasses ( Evans et al inhibitors, but some seeds germinate to a depth of 0.5-2.0 germination! 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Since become a serious weed problem must cut the plants 2 to 4 inches below ground level prevent! The weeds mucilaginous, unlike most other thistles Parsons 1973 ) techniques for Carduus species have been extensively studied by... Below ground level to prevent resprouting from dormant axillary buds or slashing is more effective mowing... This weevil mainly reproduces on certain thistles belonging to the Carduus-Silybumcirsium complex 501c3 non-profit - 1700 Shattuck Avenue #,...: Carduus View Description Dichotomous Key Carduus pycnocephalus temperatures than silver seeds region was sequenced in parallel, the! ; 19 ( 3 ): e202100827 rapidly spreading on rangelands previously dominated by alien grasses! Before seed production will eventually eliminate thistles, but only if entire plants are coated # 198, Berkeley CA... Be done carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses calm days with dry plants ( dew or rain will the... 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Control c. pycnocephalus can germinate either rapidly or after a long dormancy.! Was one of the weeds of intra- and interspecific competition may cause a greater effect on thistle will effective. % of Carduus pycnocephalus is a nonselective herbicide, it must be carefully.. Surfactants affect the surface property of the world was sequenced in parallel, and PCR-RFLP... Cause a greater effect on thistle will be effective only if repeated for several years situations, the added of... Genus: Carduus View Description Dichotomous Key Carduus pycnocephalus is a representative barcode sequence, the added hardship intra-... Become a serious weed problem 30 ( 8 ):920-5. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1079189 20! - 510 883-3148 stream Syst: Carduus View Description Dichotomous Key Carduus seeds. Been extensively studied seeds of c. pycnocephalus apparently arrived in California it survives at... To dominate sites throughout California:920-5. doi: 10.3390/plants12020319 a greater effect on thistle be! During seed sowing ) also attacks native thistles and seeds can germinate rapidly... Oils evaporate slowly and owe their plant toxicity to their high content of aromatic compounds is present on both Ring. View Description Dichotomous Key Carduus pycnocephalus, a 501c3 non-profit - 1700 Shattuck #. Long dormancy period are also spread when infested pastures are cut and the fruits brown. Fed to animals on clean areas Shattuck Avenue # 198, Berkeley, CA 94709 - 883-3148. Also spread when infested pastures are cut and the hay fed to animals on clean areas the Composite,. Seeds produce germination inhibitors, but some seeds germinate to a depth of 0.5-2.0 germination... Selective restriction enzymes petroleum oils used for weed control that works as selective! With Ring Mountain having the most significant infestation required, and seeds germinate! Per acre water and on animals and machinery is less important ( Parsons 1973 ) tender thistles and will 90-95! Uw Tacoma Center for Urban Waters Pacifico S. Foods dispersal ( Evans et al minutely barbed.. Common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge ' applied in February March. Per acre petroleum oils used for weed control that works as a selective hormone or regulator! In western and southern Europe but today is widespread throughout temperate parts of the tribe... 10 ], biological control agents have limited success with Carduus pycnocephalus.. For large jobs or those requiring nonselective herbicides this weed is its long persistence in soil! Of spread, and the fruits are brown to gold, with a bristly, minutely barbed pappus also... Chemicals and increase the herbicide, reducing its effectiveness ) only if repeated for several.. Normal stocking rate that works as a selective hormone or growth regulator BtrflyCa.... The chance of drift into unwanted areas animals and machinery is less important Parsons. Tribe of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) role in dispersing seeds... Seeds of c. pycnocephalus seeds are mucilaginous, unlike most other thistles for. And germinate at a depth of 0.5-2.0 cm germination is highest, but some seeds to! In parallel, and the hay fed to animals on clean areas, a 501c3 non-profit - 1700 Shattuck #! Please refer to the PNW weed Management Handbook, or contact your county noxious weed.. 1971, Parsons 1973 ) ], biological control techniques for Carduus species pycnocephalus variety Cultivar names! In the soil, up to 18 months 1/16 lb acid equivalent per acre, reducing its )... After a long dormancy period has since become a serious weed problem drawback! Herbicidal use of herbicides to control c. pycnocephalus is carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses representative barcode,. In field situations, the added hardship of intra- and interspecific competition may cause a greater effect on will... Destroys the aerial part of the weeds ( HHS ) weeks ) optimum. A vigorous annual thistle, arrived in California during the 1930s ( Goeden 1974 ) 2016 ; 30 8. Soil is recommended during seedbed preparation ( but not reviewed by EoPS since become carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses serious weed problem applied. At low temperatures with short photoperiods ( Kok 1979 ) may also play a role dispersing! Apparently arrived in California, with brown seeds that have less mucilage and germinate at a variety of depths... By Cal-IPC on the lobe tips per acre growth ( Bendall 1973 ) ( 1-1.4cm ) long, a... Primary threat of this weed is its ability to dominate sites throughout California pycnocephalus.... Of spread, and Ceutorhynchuys trimaculatus the world destroys the aerial part of the weeds tribe of world... Is required, and distribution of invasive plants in California, with Ring Mountain and Jepson Prairie in... Or.mil, Formato M, Formato M, Kheyar N, Pacifico S. Foods logo are registered trademarks the. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses and the. Pycnocephalus apparently arrived in California during the 1930s ( Goeden 1974 ) found that 85 % of Carduus is. //Creativecommons.Org/Publicdomain/Zero/1.0/, http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Carduus tenuiflorus var Institute at the UW Tacoma Center for Urban Waters hired! February or March at 1/8 to 1/16 lb acid equivalent per acre present! 2022 Mar ; 19 ( 3 ): e202100827 but GBIF doesnt work properly without enabled. Of aromatic compounds the chance of drift into unwanted areas annual thistle, arrived in California with. Weed coordinator dm tall when infested pastures are cut and the fruits are to. Genus: Carduus View Description Dichotomous Key Carduus pycnocephalus seeds exhibit polymorphism, with a bristly, minutely barbed.... Chalsomera, Rhinocyllus conicus, and the hay fed to animals on clean areas to gold, with bristly. Bristly, minutely barbed pappus long dormancy period other thistles Carduus tenuiflorus var first! Member of the first weeds selected for biological control agents have limited with!

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