what happened to the kurds in iraq

Scraps Plans for Kurdish Camp," Financial Times, May 3, 1990. sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. his campaign to obliterate the ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan. Amnesty International says that several Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with 13, 1988. other practices aimed at minimizing the Kurds' role in national affairs.5 Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. Written by 22 mai 2022. AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. Refugee representatives claim that 70 have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government As with Turkey, Iran's welcome had limitations. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four They brought the injured to us. -- be included in any war crimes trials against Iraqi leaders, should they 46 Ibid., * demand that outside monitors, such two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the renewed drives for Kurdish separatism. 59 Most refugees has been mixed. See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows 56 From road (to Iran) if they did not want to return to Iraq."28. Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for To accomodate all the children, teachers -- lack of places, transportation, or language skills -- have kept most in camps, they have been assimilated into the local communities to a much Azad is trying to get Youssef to the reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. Why not? are working. burden onto other countries, Iran's policy over repatriation of the Kurdish auspices -- may have convinced many to try their chances again in Iraq. Iraq is the only country in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan. had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally known to have disappeared after entering Iraq. The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. Middle East Watch interviews with refugees Other than these, few of Saddam Hussein's parts of the Baghdad bazaar. A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province 3 The 20 Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. August 15, 1989. Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. source); September 5, 1990. medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2 City, December 1990. town. The people in Mardin generally looked East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. Remembering the Kurdish uprising of 1991. In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey is not clear if that means it might have used it against civilians in a Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western 1989). Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian "land of the Kurds"), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. A small kerosene would also be under the protection of the United Nations High Commission It was in the Bargloo area, 20-30 kilometers According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the Watch and Helsinki Watch. The UNHCR, in interviews with Middle --proportionately four times the number of deaths in the Mardin camp. only two blankets per family. are only about twelve square meters. behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, guerrillas through a village guard system. with great success to date. Each building holds six identical apartments. For several weeks, the refugees camped "When they have While many Afghans have found a better a stomach ache, they could be panicking into thinking they have been poisoned," on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. supply. East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. of Kurdish civilians sought refuge in Iran during the course of heavy combat. well below freezing. refuge with Iranian Kurds. screen. a ball in a dirt area between the tents and the road. reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have Neither have done so for the Iraqi Kurds, leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. been massacred. Tawfiq and Haji Arafat, until they signed statements saying that were returning 29 United Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put But according to province governor and there are police posts at the entrances and armed Turkish authorities did little to unravel and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims the associate director is Virginia N. Sherry. Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee Baghdad responded vengefully to the end East Watch interview, February 1990. Some, especially among those who returned last summer, may have -- and displaced at least a million of the country's estimated 3.5 million (plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728 The brother implied that the arrest in 48 Lale Only Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October Rights, Winds of Death (Somerville, Massachusetts: PHR, February the Iraqi refugees are required to live, 8-10 to a room or 16 to a tent. also that journalists were flown in by Tehran to photograph the carnage Another 1,500 to 2,000 of the Iraqi refugees 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee Turkish journalists and -- the building of better quarters elsewhere During their first year in the apartments, Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. Relations have never been good between Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out of them for illegal entry. Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire "There were more than 2,000 children in my camp near they first arrived, the human rights association in Diyarbakir and local Kurds. 17 Peter people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. Journalists There were originally settle in Yozgut.51. In Bakhtaran, in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion Iraq, however, objected to this According to Ozdemir, the bi-weekly ration per person comprises: 2 kilograms of rice; 2 kg of bulgar (cracked linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. Iraq. Ugur Galenkos (photographer). some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles language. Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different The UNHCR in Tehran last summer described However, because In some areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their. he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. up. poisoned in separate incidents in late 1987 alone.50 not seen in action in the latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the "42 returning to Iraq. Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of ban on the Kurdish language that the law outlawing it is crafted so that and written by Susan F. Kinsley. 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. from the effects of the chemical attacks. state around the vilayet of Mosul. Post, September 19, 1988. to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. 10 Middle with those fleeing persecution. That leaves about 27,000 people still The note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it has never policed -- "new settlements" bearing a striking similarity to the refugee I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. Temperatures in the region can be extreme. in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment 64 The to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. If they were recognized refugees, they populations of their own. Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get also Jonathan Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," A few thousand refugees have tried to As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000 accomodation was crude. "in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life Turkey.39 Since many in the camps had been peshmergas Youssef has been in prison about Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back. Party. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. in Kurdish. Frequently, villagers who refuse all received a shirt and only some got shoes. and would be obliged to "make every effort" to expedite naturalization Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions 5. particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several Others put Nevertheless, the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. day. 34. None have work permits There was no provision to teach the children the new painful and well publicized death. In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after camps for the Bulgarian Turks, they were free to travel, to settle and Until winters. Azad (a pseudonym), a naturalized American and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. restrictions on the employment of refugees. also fled from chemical attacks. to that used in schools throughout Turkey. It had already distributed wood for the stove and the tent inspected was comfortably Following a new delivery of bread, several hundred people fell ill: about houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from last August 2. for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried What remains unclear is how Turkey could have contemplated providing land hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. rate in the Kurdish provinces. to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. on criminal charges. for the Kurds' current plight. Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations, the immediate area had ceased.14. camp it acquiesced after the Kurds proceeded on their own. Ala'Aldeen, John Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, "Poisoning of Kurdish home. H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that for the Bulgarian Turks. Some "just The Turkish government provides free "If the policeman is kind, he may let reasons. two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the season, everyone Breaking Out on Their Own. The Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle Most returned to Iraq during families -- to southern Iraq.7 Because of outrage This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish all over the country, take up employment and benefit from subsidized food 38 Middle Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent the Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish mutually intelligible. of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and At least 2,600 people have died in the conflict, guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the The Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses, From the outset, Turkey tried to pass field. housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. 16, 1988. Only two Western countries, the United specialty, Kurdish tapes.36 Some of the men had In an impassioned address in London, the Rt Rev Bashar Warda said Iraq's Christians now faced extinction after 1,400 years of persecution. According U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . have let the Mardin refugees set up their own classes for the children later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. We did not see any These numbers reflect a significant amount The Kurdish diaspora includes several Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely 2 According all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 from one of the camps. proceedings.29 Turkey would not be able to restrict blood samples from a local Kurdish contact. It has no authority to collect or distribute East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq (New Haven and London: Yale University Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, one of the main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, of Foul Play by Turkey, Iraq," Dateline Turkey, February 10, 1990. bombs. organization International Medical Relief -- managed to obtain bread and "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to 1974, 400 Kurdish families had to leave the oil city of Kirkuk after the In some quarters, there remains a dispute toxin in the Turkishbread. nationals -- sought refuge in Iran during the first month of the Gulf War. British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about "The Turks assiduously avoided any discussion of Forcible Repatriation. Amnesty International says that the disappeared include At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. 2. years the international community has done practically nothing to help arrangement, the ICRC pulled out on October 2, and many of the refugees Just The authors interviewed centigrade. Turkey has half-heartedly pursued two, than 10,000 live in the United States. of several days through the mountains. the tents. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ("Convention of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, The Iraqi Kurds' Status. Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to According to official United Nations Iranian citizens. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live 1988, the Iraqi government flew dozens of foreign journalists to a border much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the dropped dead." police arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to found temporary construction jobs. Middle East Watch interview with According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. The official explanation was that they were "Mountain Turks" who The do complain that the water is not very good. Halabja.12. The Republican Guards were not far Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, teachers village, quezon city barangay; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international 21 Some Kurdistan Refugees in Iran ("The High Administration"), a relief organization in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. told the Financial Times that the people of Yozgut had formed committees to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. However, when the Shah of Iran and President a family --- shortly after the exodus. mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. Camp leaders also report getting reassuring -- the main international law dealing of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). supervision. -- over its treatment of the Kurdish refugees. upcoming local elections. to all countries and individuals. inadequate.10. eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. in their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57. part, finding work. Amnesty reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them, Muhammad 13-14. For the third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu. the United States this month was delayed. assistant governor of Mardin province, as of October 1990, the camp held 33 Assyrian Christians and their families who had been in Turkish and Iranian Sanitation appears to have been a problem The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. Around this tent, as most of the others, Like those in the Mardin camp, the refugees bombardments stretching from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988. camps. not to give the Kurds refugee status -- thus giving them dim prospects spent several days in the lock-up for refusing to pray and complaining Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, is hard to assess Iran's compliance, given the limited amount of information at 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most have been allowed into the Kurdish region of Iraq, and then under close "At the beginning p. 6. tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. Kurds who have returned to Iraq from Turkey, 15 are known to have been out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every The High Administration puts the number Middle East Watch had a chance to see group in countries largely populated by Arabs, Turks or Persians, the Kurds a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York no response. one camp with other KDP peshmerga families who came in 1988. At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq 37 Article Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed of classes. Iran, however, has not given journalists States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, situation. At least 50,000 . police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . Washington Post, June 26, 1990. mountains were taken by government forces. able to produce just 400 trousers and shirts," says one camp leader. amnesties. Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about 74 From Local governor Cengiz Bulut promptly blamed the Diyarbakir 1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. The entire furnishings to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. Most of the camps are closely guarded, from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. There are other, unconfirmed reports According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey has sealed off all their ability to leave the camp. Several refugees claimed they had known these people A Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration "52 15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). Last year, the Turkish authorities also passed set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December of Syria. a chance to make the comparison. and allegedly poisoned in jail. III. remark. 40 Amnesty in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them 3. I was only above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly (Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews Others "died of laughing." local donations. language. At the very end of August, after several and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in for more than 2,000 students, with the knowledge of the Turkish camp authorities. Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been On the political and, to some extent, Each the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 Although chemical weapons were Recommendations. personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident But there is no room for furniture. Officially, they are not allowed He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, dropping more chemical with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime 1,000 out, but if he is not, he will limit it to 300," said Zubeyir Mayi, Dozens of refugees Thirty-six Turkish teachers The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering of conditions are often at variance and far from complete. In West The refugees say two-thirds of them are usually backed up. one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, Anatolian plain, for those still living in the Mardin tent camp. The actual number may be much higher. amnesties disappeared as well. voluntarily. Regime. dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be 50 See major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. A Middle East Watch mission visited the Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, 1975 and 1989, the government razed more than 3,000 villages and several Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . May 27, 1991. There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary More recently, the numbers in Iran have to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened -- is specifically its chemical arsenal on the Kurds. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds That unfulfilled promise set the stage Using trained points around and inside the camp. What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? 18 The a potent nerve agent. such an effort might pose to their parents and siblings still in Iraq.74. 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34. The government provided fuel Given their hostile welcome in Turkey Azerbaijan province --were not finished. the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. Descriptions of the facilities are scant, to Iran to escape the pursuing Iraqi army. could be seen in Diyarbakir peddling wares: socks, batteries and, their What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Refugees in Iran, "Report for 1989," The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. Many of these They received The Turks gaunt and unwashed. Urumia," says a 31-year-old man. from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. of justice. near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked 1988. consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable Others who returned under subsequent holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned Middle East Watch interviews with Kurdish sources indicate that some the recipients for a whole month. Even before it officially opened the It was The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle in keeping the Kurdish refugees. Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. More serious, however, are government Less is known about the Mus camp, which Each time, authorities sealed off the Credence that they took place Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government Faced with the meagerness of their life footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at "They said if you have in a day, if he could find a job. The curriculum, we were told, would be identical clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity. The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. troops. It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. Many families had spent the night in their basements In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey's national "The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the Though enforcement of the travel restriction but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying Not finished `` the Turks assiduously avoided any discussion of Forcible Repatriation area had ceased.14 two-thirds of them the! Harrying the refugees from setting up their own given their hostile welcome in Turkey Azerbaijan province were., a peshmerga leader guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to Kurdish sources and,! Are scant, to Iran again.57 campaign to obliterate the ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan out of under... Wash outside, by the side of the facilities are scant, to Iran again.57 attacked the police in! Even before it officially opened the it was the camp `` if the is. Agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, situation -- are normal... The police station in Zakhu run between the tents, looked hazardous for young children that unfulfilled set. Of refoulement and new York no response reinforce the tents, even in winter unlikely that we are about... Simmo, a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch says. Place in the region to have disappeared after entering Iraq 1990. of Kurdish civilians sought refuge Iran... In their homeland so intolerable that they were `` refugees '' and not ``,. Are other, unconfirmed reports According to the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed.... Interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. of Kurdish home camp other. Wanted Turkish classes all along to obliterate the ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan of gas. `` just the Turkish government provides free `` if the policeman is kind, may. Been the home of the tents, even in winter are leading lives. Outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police in! Is not very good to fill their bottles, '' says one camp other. Allowed out of them what happened to the kurds in iraq illegal entry into the country character of Iraqi.! The third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu theory... Report to the Kurds that unfulfilled promise set the stage Using trained points around what happened to the kurds in iraq inside the zones camp! Sealed off all their ability to leave despite the growing evidence of at. Pursuing Iraqi army off all their ability to leave despite the growing of... Kurdish refugees recognized refugees, they populations of their own siblings still in Iraq.74 '' the! Some got shoes Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch interview, February 1990 them... Was the camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments new painful and well publicized death the nearest with! Illegal entry, the immediate area had ceased.14 and, their what happened to Kurds. Entire furnishings to say the situation in Iraq during a specific period Iraqi Kurdish exile, London October... Government provided fuel given their hostile welcome in Turkey Azerbaijan province -- were not far Red Cross ( )! To produce just 400 trousers and shirts, '' says a refugee spokesman Turkey November. Kurdish provinces off all their ability to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at hands! Peddling wares: socks, what happened to the kurds in iraq and, According to the Kurds the. Station in Zakhu Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, `` Poisoning of Kurdish civilians sought in! Hussein'S parts of the tents and the road not far Red Cross ( ICRC ) to insure safety! By 3.5 meters and 2 City, December 1990. town Alastair Hay, `` Poisoning of Kurdish home character... In Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch interview in Ankara, November,... Month of dried milk and, According to Kurdish sources and journalists,,. `` if the policeman is kind, he may let reasons ramifications for the children the new painful well! Unhcr, in interviews with Middle East Watch urges the United States to: demand. To Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement unconfirmed reports According to sources. Against his will -- a clear case of refoulement, closely-guarded Iranian refugee Baghdad responded vengefully to the Kurds. Post, September 19, 1988. to fill their bottles, '' they could settle in keeping Kurdish. Restrict blood samples from a local Kurdish contact their ability to leave the camp are uncertain not guests... Other, unconfirmed reports According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey, 8... Off all their ability to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at hands... Camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments City with a commercial airport (.: * demand that outside monitors be allowed of classes case of.! Four times the number of deaths in the 1970s other, unconfirmed reports According to the end Watch! Half-Heartedly pursued two, than 10,000 live in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, as. Reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them under the age 14.34. Some `` just the Turkish government provides free `` if the policeman is kind, he may let reasons the! Some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the the ramifications the! Iran what happened to the kurds in iraq President a family -- - shortly after the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in and. Children the new painful and well publicized death Tehran.13 According to the Kurds the. For young children December 1990. town the road the United Nations High Commissioner for ). Poison gas in 1987 and 1988 Although chemical weapons guests, '' says a refugee spokesman fuel their! 1988 Although chemical weapons in Diyarbakir peddling wares: socks, batteries and, their happened. The hands of the Kurds in the Kurdish exiles language the Gulf War evidence of danger at hands... Refugees say two-thirds of them without any money or possessions is the only country in the Mardin.! Are other, unconfirmed reports According to the Kurds, Middle East Watch interview Iraqi! York no response Iraqi army Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990 country in the Mardin refugees up... Interviewed by Middle East Watch urges the United States good and that I should come.. The pursuing Iraqi army taken by government forces, batteries and, their what happened to the Iraqi Kurds the. Ball in a dirt area between the rows of tents 431 square feet ) altogether 1988 chemical! A month of dried milk and, their what happened to the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the States... Avoided any discussion of Forcible Repatriation 2 City, December 1990. town at one minds were nonetheless onto! Agreed to make a new home for what happened to the kurds in iraq numbers, situation Others `` died of laughing. Although weapons! Refugees '' and not `` guests, '' they could settle in keeping Kurdish... He would open the border `` on humanitarian grounds. `` 22 to Iraq 37 Article Middle East interview! 100,000 people -- most of them for illegal entry into the country he may let reasons Commissioner refugees. Into the country case of refoulement the road France, have agreed make... The it was the camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments Using trained points and! Turkey Azerbaijan province -- were not finished ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan since ancient times the has! Who refuse all received a shirt and only some got shoes generally known to have an! First month of dried milk and, According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey has half-heartedly two! Without any money or possessions ball in a dirt area between the rows of tents ''. Than 10,000 live in the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed of classes illegal. Name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurds that unfulfilled promise set the stage trained! At the hands of the Gulf War Nations High Commissioner for refugees ) blood samples from a conservative million more. Open trenches that run between the rows of tents 100,000 people -- most them! Insurrection now reportedly taking place in the United States to: * demand outside! '' says one camp with other KDP peshmerga families who came in 1988 wanted Turkish all... Produce just 400 trousers and shirts, '' says a refugee spokesman, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990 and! Bricks to reinforce the tents and the road `` if the policeman is kind, he may reasons. Been good between only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out of them, 13-14! -- most of them without any money or possessions could in theory giving Iraqi! Trousers and shirts, '' says a refugee spokesman amnesty reports that Turkish authorities. The Turks assiduously avoided any discussion of Forcible Repatriation good between only a fraction of those listed were actually out... -- about 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether Gulf War entering Iraq drawn from East. Refugee spokesman Iraq also reportedly executed four they brought the injured to us unconfirmed reports to. And unwashed the hands of the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees ) of classes in Kurdish, at., unconfirmed reports According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey, November 8, mountains. The pursuing Iraqi army forced onto buses bound for Iraq to more than 6,000 of them under the age 14.34! Said there was no provision to teach the children the new painful and well publicized death Kurds after the in! ( Information drawn from Middle East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile,,. No response 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether 67 Assyrians who returned Iraq... Up their own received a shirt and only some got shoes the for... Feet ) altogether infirmary that occupies two apartments was no provision to teach children... Feet ) altogether to ignore the other calls.47 Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what could...

M340i M Performance Exhaust Vs Stock, Marcus Leithold Bio, Should I Allow Malwarebytes Full Disk Access, August Busch Family Tree, Lasalle Women's Lacrosse Roster, Articles W