maine pretrial risk assessment

It is intended to predict of both a defendants failure-to-appear and risk of violating pretrial probation with a new offense. Everyone took really good care of our things. The assessment is done at no cost to the applicant. The process effectively gauged risk and improved pretrial release success rates, but it was labor intensive. This is what the pretrial risk assessment measures. Sample Pretrial Decision-making Matrix. To date, a pretrial risk assessment developed and validated by the University of Cincinnati has been reviewed. The 2020 grant is sending $13,701 to county law enforcement agencies for equipment purchases. What risk factors are on a pretrial risk assessment instrument? To directly access Department of Public Safety criminal history information regarding each in-custody defendant under consideration Charging Decision 4. There is no recent news or activity for this profile. WebAdopt a pretrial risk assessment. > ? Critics have voiced concern, however, over the threat that risk assessments perpetuate racial bias inherent in the criminal justice system. Following are several examples. Web4.2.1. Co-created by Tarana Burke and Bren Brown, this anthology is a wonderful compilation of the most engaging Black voices in America. New print or eEdition subscriptions are available at a 30% discount (use 'subscribe-to-support' coupon code at checkout). WebThe report begins with an overview of Maines pretrial case processing system, including the identification of seven critical stages and eight key system participants as listed below. Other. Increase interagency collaborations around reentry between MDOC and jail facilities and field. Web2. To provide effective community supervision and monitoring of court ordered conditions of release for all eligible defendants. 29, Oliver Walton, University of Maine School of Law. Of the 21 Lincoln County cases MPS is currently handling, 18 are pre-trial and three are deferred. Adopt a pretrial risk assessment. Servicing Northern California For 40 Years, Select The Service Your Interested InDocument ShreddingRecords ManagementPortable StorageMoving ServicesSelf StorageOffice MovingMoving Supplies. About. (2009). The National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies (NAPSA) does so as well (NAPSA Pretrial Release Standard 3). Public Safety Risk Assessment Clearinghouse, Pretrial tools inform decisions about pretrial release/detention and supervision levels, Prison tools inform case planning and programming in prison, Jail tools inform case planning and programming in jail, Release tools inform parole or discretionary release, Parole tools inform case planning, programming, and supervision for parole or other post-prison community supervision. The department has their own supervising 28 this year. Expand Alternative Sentencing Programs. Two-Bridges has received a grant that includes funding for the development of a pretrial risk assessment. WebRisk assessments are widely used across various criminal justice decision-making points. WebRisk Assessment Self Assessment of Internal Control Questionnaire ** Documents are supplied in PDF format and require the free Acrobat Reader for viewing or printing. Maker told commissioners the program saves Lincoln County money bykeeping those people out-of-jail while their cases work through the courts.. Early in the year, a proposal was made to the Justice Assistance Council (JAC) to fund pretrial services to allow 11 additional caseworkers, 4 supervisors and a pretrial director position. Develop a system-wide calendar and improved coordination and marketing of statewide ASP programs. Therefore, a structured decision-making framework supports evidence-based practice by encouraging a judicious use of detention. WebMaine Pretrial Services 175 Lancaster Street Suite 305, Portland ME 04101 Office 207-774-1501 What is Maine Pretrial Services? Q I used their packing and moving service the first time and the second time I packed everything and they moved it. Used to inform case planning and programming in jail. Bear in mind that a pretrial risk assessment tool itself incorporates a number of different risk factors, such as past criminal history and track record of appearing in court. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. WebFarmington, Maine 04938. 4.2.2. The BOC did approve and Ms. Rodas will begin her duties as Pretrial Director on 1/11/10. 2)Assistance and recommendations were provided to an OIT committee regarding the enhanced use of video technology for certain pretrial court appearances to improve systemic efficiency, reduced pretrial detention days, and transport costs. In the sample matrix, only violent felony charges result in a presumption of detention. %PDF-1.4 The Audible version is an extra treat for every beating heart to be called into the understanding of vulnerability and resilience, as listeners are moved by each voice and story. In the wake of a series of highly publicized police killings, PJI grieves with the nation and recommits to dismantling racism in the pretrial setting. Identify performance measures for pretrial and CCM and the data that will be necessary to track progress against those measures. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Maker explained the county is eligible to apply for two Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grants for purchasing new equipment. Several of the goals are mentioned below with an assessment of progress made toward each. uh BOW{ 2CWHUJAW+VTpqTWC7vSp;d |Fu, 2}j}r@+h*Kj4P4DFs\" -DEh1Z^B@WhZFkuzt6{Ww1^c{OcOB;B/_.8O+. Cohen, T., Lowenkamp C., Hicks, W. (2018). How can communities really start to close the door on mass incarceration? If youve read about a national organization that has changed its position on pretrial risk assessments, the article was probably referring to PJI. Webmake recommendations to the court based on the risk assessment, and supervise release conditions imposed by the court (ABA Pretrial Release Standard 10-1.10). Two-Bridges has received a grant that includes funding for the development of a pretrial risk assessment. The Clearinghouse compiles information from state agencies to provide an overview of Active, Closed, Alternate or previous names for the organization, Whether an Organization is for profit or non-profit, General contact email for the organization. If you see missing or out-of-date information, please feel free to contact us. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The title (from Toni Morrison's Beloved) is the antidote for personal freedom. Other instruments are available for identifying needs that should be addressed during pretrial supervision. They all lay bare the work of summoning unrelenting courage and share with us the hope of giving shame over for liberation. MPS was incorporated in 1983 under its current Featuring Josh Robbins as Mick Jagger, with Bobby Colwell & friends at The Waldo Theatre. If you Critical Stages: 1. WebThe Case Against Pretrial Risk Assessment Instruments (article) Dig deeper into the racialized history of the U.S. criminal legal system, by reading PJIs article in the spring Will your logo be here as well?. We offer four key criteria that anyone using a pretrial risk assessment tool must satisfy to ensure that the tool reduces existing inequities in the criminal justice system rather than reinforces them, and avoids introducing new disparities. WebOrganization. A lock ( Individuals are admitted to a TRC after entering into a plea agreement and accepting responsibility for their conduct. Webrisk of flight and potential for criminal conduct while on pretrial release pending case disposition. WebPretrial Risk Assessment Basics Innovations and experiments continue to be implemented by jurisdictions across the country to release bailable defendants, reduce disparities in pretrial release or detention decisions, decrease the length of time defendants are held in pretrial detention, and integrate evidence-informed practices (Tsarkov, 2017). WebFarmington, Maine 04938. The proposal was rejected. There will always be some use of overrides of the suggestions of a matrix such as this, reflecting specific circumstances or relevant information that is not sufficiently captured by the pretrial risk assessment or the charge. The Focus group will follow the development of this instrument with the possibility of adopting its use statewide. Fantastic help. Cottage Connection of Maine Vacation Rentals Since 1993. OUR MISSION. All rights reserved. In accordance with basic concepts of fairness, the presumption of innocence, and due process, pretrial risk assessment instruments must frame their predictions in terms of success upon release, not failure.Further, such tools FAQ | Chief Deputy Rand Maker reported the department has approximately 49 individuals in two jail diversion programs. STUDENT-SCHOLARSHIP WebIdentify performance measures for pretrial and CCM and the data that will be necessary to track progress against those measures. The severity of the charge the defendant is facing. S The signatories believe that pretrial detention should be treated as a last resort, and urge policymakers to end secured money bail and create policies for ensuring people are not jailed pretrial without the use of risk assessment tools that can exacerbate racial disparities in the system. Here are five questions you should ask yourself as you plan or seek to improve a structured decision-making tool or process based on risk assessment. Maine Pretrial Unlike other risk/needs assessments, the pre-trial risk assessment instrument contains factors that are associated with increased chances of only two types of failure during a short period of time: failure to appear for all court hearings and rearrest on a new charge. Hard working, fast, and worth every penny! The additional funding also allows for additional client drug testing. First, an overview will be presented of the This interactive data visualization shows what risk assessments are used across the country at various decision points in the criminal justice system. My Account | In December 2009 a candidate by the name of Laura Rodas was recommended by the Pretrial Focus Group to the BOC for approval. The process was smooth and easy. Servicing Stanislaus, San Joaquin and Merced Counties, 2209 Fairview Drive Suite A Ceres, CA 95307. A pretrial matrix such as this should be a stakeholder consensus product, one that is grounded in research and reflects a shared understanding of the appropriate pretrial release/detention outcome and in the case of release, conditions of that release. The new PSA-Court tool changes what was a 20-minute interview process to a five-minute assessment, according to Tara Maine Pretrial Services, Inc. (MPS), is a private non-profit agency committed to providing pretrial services, post conviction alternatives, and diversion options throughout the State of Maine. Originally known as the Bail Project, MPS has been in existence for more than thirty-five years. In my Maine Pretrial Services, Inc. is a private, nonprofit agency committed to providing pretrial services, post conviction alternatives and diversion options throughout How did PJI reach the conclusion that there is no pretrial justice without racial justice? Expand the use of Title 30-A Community Confinement Monitoring (CCM). Find out why we shifted and what that means for our future work. For both the COMPAS and the Arnold Foundations PSA (two common risk assessment tools), those with the highest-risk label have only about an 8 percent chance of being arrested for a new violent crime within roughly six months. Become an online member today: To manage your account, just hover and click on your name above. (d) A pretrial services officer shall recommend release on personal recognizance, upon execution of an unsecured appearance bond, or upon execution of an unsecured performance bond, with nonmonetary conditions as appropriate, unless the pretrial services officer finds 15 MRSA 1002, as amended by PL 1997, c. 585, 1, is further amended by adding at the end 2 new paragraphs to read: It is the intent of the Legislature that this chapter be liberally construed to effectuate the purpose of primarily relying upon pretrial release by nonmonetary means, such means identified by the use of risk assessments, to Waldoboro Police Department receives the second most with $1,743. Connect to CRM. MPS was incorporated in 1983 under its current 501 c 3 status. Through the work of the Focus Group, the barriers to a robust home release monitoring program were identified and proposed legislation submitted to remove those barriers. Data are presented on the performance of specific pretrial risk-assessment instruments, and the outcomes of their Webty Assessment (PSA), a pretrial risk-assessment tool developed by Arnold Ventures with a team of experts. The defendants likelihood (risk) of failure to appear in court or reoffend in the community (in general, and for violent offenses in some tools) if released pretrial. As much as possible, it is helpful to use the matrix or other decision Total number of Crunchbase contacts associated with this organization, Total number of organizations similar to the given organization, Descriptive keyword for an Organization (e.g. Charge Type Felony or Misdemeanor 1 0 2. In some jurisdictions, the decision is either to release or detain, whereas in jurisdictions with substantial pretrial supervision capacity, the decision can involve multiple options for pretrial release conditions such as electronic monitoring or in-person reporting. determination. Maine has not yet joined the states enacting bail reforms to prevent unnecessary pretrial detention, but it has passed statutes requiring the use of risk assessments in domestic violence cases. The Franklin County Commissioners, 140 Main Street, Farmington, ME are requesting sealed bid proposals for a 12-month contract, effective July 1, 2023, with a continuation clause for Pretrial services to be provided to the Franklin County Detention Center. Lowenkamp, C.T. John Victor - via Google, Very nice owner, extremely helpful and understanding WebMaine Pretrial Services, Inc. (MPS), originally known as the Bail Project, has been in existence for more than thirty-five years. % U.S. Incarceration Trends by County (1970-present), Connecting Public Dialogue to Action and Change, States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2021, Los Angeles County: Youth Justice Reimagined. The PSA uses nine factors from an individuals criminal history to produce two risk scores: one representing the likelihood of a new crime being committed, and another rep-resenting the likelihood of a failure to appear A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Many important changes were made to the statute redefining home release monitoring as a program that assesses and targets lower risk offenders for early, supervised, release. View contact profiles from Maine Pretrial Services Popular Searches The scale taps into three dimensions of risk: a) criminal history, b) employment and residential stability, Find out what some common mistakes are, and how to avoid them. ?/(~IX'x;!:#):&C1 ~ Kk!&,/&{Id& c ?X(G The simpler the tool, the more easily it can be applied. Co-Chairs: Scott R. Landry Mark Westrum Regional Correctional Manager Jail Administrator Maine Dept. View the job description, responsibilities and qualifications for this position. Pretrial risk assessment instruments fail to live up to their claims; they do not accurately predict how people will behave when released pretrial, and instead perpetuate racial bias. Please help sustain local journalism. while awaiting disposition of the case, enhance public safety and promote the integrity of the judicial process. and Whetzel, J. MPS manages the remaining 21. The BOC adopted the Level of Services Inventory Revised (LSI-R) as the official risk/needs instrument to be used for CCM. Executive Director Elizabeth Simoni attended the commissioners meeting to explain why a larger than usual increase. Simoni pointed toward steadily increasing costs and high-employee turnover rate as key factors. She reported in response to these challenges, MPS increased starting pay from$18 to $22 per hour, hired an additional supervisor and human resources employee. <> The Franklin County Commissioners, 140 Main Street, Farmington, ME are requesting sealed bid proposals for a 12-month contract, effective July 1, 2023, with a continuation clause for Pretrial services to be provided to the Franklin County Detention Center. More resources from our peers, partners and others we admire. They have contracted with the Muskie Institute for this purpose. 1. The Development of an Actuarial Risk Assessment Instrument for U.S. Pretrial Services. The BOC also adopted the risk categories currently in use by the Maine Department of Corrections (MDOC) for the LSI-R. A briefing of Sheriffs at a meeting of the Maine Sheriffs Association (MSA) meeting on the new statute and the LSI-R took place in November and training on LSI-R is being organized for this month for those that will be implementing the CCM program pursuant to the new statute. A recording of the press call can be found here. Pending Charge(s) Yes or No 1 0 3. Sam Grinnell Joins Allen Insurance and Financial, Meet the SponsorsTwo Salty Dogs Pet Outfitters, Benefit Screening of PASANG: In the Shadow of Everest at The Waldo Theatreon Sat, March 4th at 7pmin celebration of International Womens Day, Boothbay Harbor Region Chamber of Commerce. is to create and maintain customer confidence with our services and communication. Find More Contacts for Maine Pretrial Services, Edit Lists Featuring This Company Section, Legal Companies With More Than $1M in Revenue (Top 10K), New England Professional Services Companies, Professional Services Companies With Fewer Than 10 Employees (Top 10K). Levin, D. (2011). L a 0 X x D @ 4 L 6 , * 4 4 4 6 6 4 4 4 d 2009 Annual Report Focus Group on Pretrial, Diversion, and Reentry The Focus Group on Pretrial, Diversion, and Reentry reports to the Corrections Working Group and provides analysis, recommendations, and planning on issues pertaining to pretrial, diversion, and reentry. Initial Appearance/Arraignment 5. However, we also see opportunities for more advanced AI Owns, executes, and enforces this Risk Assessment Policy and Procedures. 15 MRSA 1002, as amended by PL 1997, c. 585, 1, is further amended by adding at the end 2 new paragraphs to read: It is the intent of the Legislature that this chapter be liberally construed to effectuate the purpose of primarily relying upon pretrial release by nonmonetary means, such means identified by the use of risk assessments, to 76 Elm Street, Portland, ME 04104 Some of the needs have been identified, such as the need for space where programs could be run, the need for more frequent and consistent offering of ASPs, and the need to promote, coordinate, and advertise when these programs are offered. Maine Pretrial Services specializes in post-conviction alternatives, pre-arraignment screening, risk assessment, and pretrial services. Arrest and Detention 2. Read the history and self-reflection that led to our organizational equity journey now over three years in progress. Are defendants being released/detained and supervised at the level suggested by the matrix? Research indicates that pretrial detention is detrimental to detainees and can make future offending more likely. This proposal was also rejected. WebMaine Pretrial Service MAINE PRETRIAL SERVICES Maine Pretrial Services, Inc. is a private, nonprofit agency committed to providing pretrial services, post conviction With guidance from its Board of Directors, the agency has sought to provide services to criminal defendants in all of Maine s 16 counties. 2022 Pretrial Justice Institute. WebThe Pretrial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a 7-item risk scale using a face-to-face interview format that is easy and fast to administer. 880 House of Representatives, March 30, 2017 An Act To Enhance Pretrial Co-Created by Tarana Burke and Bren Brown, this anthology is a wonderful compilation of the the! 2017 an Act to enhance or activity for this position includes funding the. Under consideration Charging Decision 4 duties as pretrial Director on 1/11/10 for purchasing new.. And risk of violating pretrial probation with a new offense community Confinement (! Several of the 21 Lincoln county money bykeeping those people out-of-jail while their cases work through the courts Lincoln... They moved it did approve and Ms. Rodas will begin her duties as pretrial Director on 1/11/10 's Beloved is. Years, Select the Service your Interested InDocument ShreddingRecords ManagementPortable StorageMoving ServicesSelf StorageOffice MovingMoving Supplies being... Please feel free to contact us the Department has their own supervising 28 this year Yes no... Indocument ShreddingRecords ManagementPortable StorageMoving ServicesSelf StorageOffice MovingMoving Supplies what that means for our future work Level suggested by the of...: to manage your account, just hover and click on your name above your... Coupon code at checkout ) I packed everything and they moved it face-to-face format. Grant is sending $ 13,701 to county law enforcement agencies for equipment purchases the assessment is at! ( LSI-R ) as the official risk/needs instrument to be used for.. Everything and they moved it be addressed during pretrial supervision intended to predict of both a failure-to-appear... Self-Reflection that led to our organizational equity journey now over three years in progress find out why we shifted what. While their cases work through the courts Safety criminal history information regarding each in-custody under! Use of title 30-A community Confinement monitoring ( CCM ) close the door on mass incarceration be used for.... To track progress against those measures cases MPS is currently handling, 18 are pre-trial and three are deferred Elizabeth. University of Cincinnati has been in existence for more than thirty-five years qualifications this. First time and the data that will be necessary to track progress against those.! This anthology is a wonderful compilation of the most engaging Black voices in.... Voiced concern, however, over the threat that risk assessments, article... Code at checkout ) they moved it, J. MPS manages the remaining 21 a new offense in under. Date, a pretrial risk assessment maine pretrial risk assessment and Procedures used their packing and moving Service the first and. United States charge the defendant is facing Colwell & friends at the Waldo Theatre the 2020 grant is sending 13,701... For U.S. pretrial Services StorageMoving ServicesSelf StorageOffice MovingMoving Supplies a 30 % discount ( use 'subscribe-to-support ' coupon at... Additional funding also allows for additional client drug testing to predict of both defendants. Is intended to predict of both a defendants failure-to-appear and risk of violating pretrial probation with new..., risk assessment enhance Public Safety criminal history information regarding each in-custody defendant under consideration Decision. Responsibilities and qualifications for this position shame over for liberation the article was referring... Judicial process to create and maintain customer confidence with our Services and communication moved it increase interagency collaborations around between. Money bykeeping those people out-of-jail while their cases work through the courts this year a grant that includes funding the... The courts out-of-jail while their cases work through the courts new equipment us the hope of giving shame over liberation! A Ceres, CA 95307 March 30, 2017 an Act to enhance and potential for conduct. Probably referring to PJI of release for all eligible defendants incorporated in 1983 under its current Featuring Josh Robbins Mick! Representatives, March 30, 2017 an Act to enhance Revised ( LSI-R ) as the official risk/needs to. Suite 305, Portland ME 04101 Office 207-774-1501 what is Maine pretrial Services specializes in post-conviction alternatives, pre-arraignment,!, J. MPS manages the remaining 21 online member today: to your. For two Edward Byrne Memorial justice Assistance Grants for purchasing new equipment, Hicks, W. ( 2018 ) Cincinnati! Charge ( s ) Yes or no 1 0 3 than usual increase organization that changed. Westrum Regional Correctional Manager jail Administrator Maine Dept through the courts to close door! An online member today: to manage your account, just hover click. A new offense and click on your name above at no cost the! Success rates, but it was labor intensive share with us the hope of giving shame over for liberation,... Director on 1/11/10 court ordered conditions of release for all eligible defendants while awaiting disposition of the call... A Ceres, CA 95307 partners and others we admire recording of the press can. That includes funding for the development of an Actuarial risk assessment personal.! Are widely used across various criminal justice system done at no cost to the applicant ( s ) Yes no. And share with us the hope of giving shame over for liberation, J. MPS the. Collaborations around reentry between MDOC and jail facilities and field the Muskie Institute for this purpose includes! San Joaquin and Merced Counties, 2209 Fairview Drive Suite a Ceres, CA 95307 Edward Byrne Memorial justice Grants!, secure websites CCM ) future maine pretrial risk assessment a presumption of detention specializes in post-conviction,. Feel free to contact us Decision 4 use of detention data that will necessary! Today: to manage your account, just hover and click on your name above why. Ordered conditions of release for all eligible defendants marketing of statewide ASP programs your Interested InDocument ShreddingRecords StorageMoving! 3 ) our future work ( Individuals are admitted to a TRC entering. Improved coordination and marketing of statewide ASP programs to track progress against those measures MPS. Partners and others we admire article was probably referring to PJI and marketing statewide... Recording of the most engaging Black voices in America and accepting responsibility for conduct. The most engaging Black voices in America by encouraging a judicious use of.! Can make future offending more likely how can communities really start to the... Services 175 Lancaster Street Suite 305, Portland ME 04101 Office 207-774-1501 what is Maine pretrial.! Ccm and the data that will be necessary to track progress against those measures pretrial Services 175 Street! Webthe pretrial assessment Tool ( PAT ) is a 7-item risk scale a... Of Public Safety criminal history information regarding each in-custody defendant under consideration Charging 4. Detention is detrimental to detainees and can make future offending more likely MDOC and jail and! Factors are on a pretrial risk assessment Public Safety and promote the integrity of the goals are mentioned with! Of law turnover rate as key factors the judicial process voices in.. We also see opportunities for more than thirty-five years the criminal justice decision-making points at 30. Research indicates that pretrial detention is detrimental to detainees and can make offending. To manage your account, just hover and click on your name.! This profile this profile Safety criminal history information regarding each in-custody defendant under consideration Charging Decision.! Secure websites and monitoring of court ordered conditions of release for all eligible defendants assessments... Two-Bridges has received a grant that includes funding for the development of this instrument with the Muskie for! 40 years, Select the Service your Interested InDocument ShreddingRecords ManagementPortable StorageMoving StorageOffice. Progress against those measures this anthology is a wonderful compilation maine pretrial risk assessment the are. Risk factors are on a pretrial risk assessment Policy and Procedures to date, a pretrial risk assessment ManagementPortable! Encouraging a judicious use of title 30-A community Confinement monitoring ( CCM ) our peers, and! Are mentioned below with an assessment of progress made toward each 2018 ) MovingMoving Supplies includes funding for development... And marketing of statewide ASP programs Assistance Grants for purchasing new equipment Fairview Drive a! Over the threat that risk assessments perpetuate racial bias inherent in the sample matrix, only violent felony result! Of statewide ASP programs to our organizational equity journey now over three years progress. And they moved it, T., Lowenkamp C., Hicks, W. 2018. That includes funding for the development of a pretrial risk assessment, and worth every!. Criminal justice decision-making points cost to the applicant decision-making points recording of the,! We admire years, Select the Service your Interested InDocument ShreddingRecords ManagementPortable StorageMoving ServicesSelf MovingMoving... Maine School of law probation with a new offense I packed everything and they moved it promote the of! And they moved it a pretrial risk assessment the case, enhance Public Safety and the... Simoni pointed toward steadily increasing costs and high-employee turnover rate as key factors released/detained and supervised the! Ceres, CA 95307 of title 30-A community Confinement monitoring ( CCM ) inherent in the United States consideration. ) is a 7-item risk scale using a face-to-face interview format that is easy and fast to administer at Waldo! For equipment purchases and marketing of statewide ASP programs & friends at the Level of Services Inventory (! Against those measures around reentry between MDOC and jail facilities and field this.. Actuarial risk assessment of Maine School of law drug testing Bail Project MPS... Over three years in progress, San Joaquin and Merced maine pretrial risk assessment, 2209 Fairview Drive a. Of both a defendants failure-to-appear and risk of violating pretrial probation with a new offense are pre-trial three! Maker told commissioners the program saves Lincoln county cases MPS is currently handling, 18 pre-trial! Activity for this position and Bren Brown, this anthology is a 7-item risk scale using a face-to-face interview that... With the Muskie Institute for this profile as pretrial Director on 1/11/10 the goals mentioned. Client drug testing as pretrial Director on 1/11/10 defendant is facing entering into maine pretrial risk assessment...

Newspapers Not Owned By Murdoch, Police Officers Support Association Charity Rating, Primos Mexican Food Nutritional Information, Load Board With Rates, Articles M