Of the approximately 13,000 Henry rifles manufactured from 1860-1866, only 1,731 were purchased by the U.S. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Osprey Publishing.p 37. But two new investors you may have heard of, Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson, saw promise in the rifle and formed the Volcanic Repeating Arms Company in 1854. (Musket was a term that, at the time, denoted a full-length military-style stock, not to be confused with a true smoothbore musket). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The 101 was a fine over and under and was well accepted by gun writers and the in the marketplace. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 1866 brought major changes. Before the Civil War, infantry soldiers typically carried muskets that held just one bullet at a time. [26], Originally chambered for the new .45-75 Winchester Centennial cartridge (designed to replicate the .45-70 ballistics in a shorter case), the Model 1876 also had versions in .40-60 Winchester, .45-60 Winchester and .50-95 Express; the '76 in the latter chambering is the only repeater known to have been in widespread use by professional buffalo hunters. America was covered with the searing flames of the Civil War, the first Henry rifle were in the hands of Union Troops by 1862. Winchester markings can be found on the bayonet of the Russian Model 1895 rifle. The late 1860s and 70s saw pioneers, cowboys, and speculators push West, and with them they took a new kind of weapon: the Winchester Repeating Rifle. Still an icon in the modern day, it was manufactured between 1873 and 1923. Oliver Fisher Winchester was an innovativeand driven man who saw the future of firearmsand built an industrial empire around thelever-action rifle. 3 What was the most famous repeating rifle? Total production was 63,871[29] including 54 One of One Thousand Model 1876s and only seven of the One of One Hundred grade. In May, the Companys name was changed to Winchester Repeating Arms Company. It appears that you are accessing the Winchester Website from outside North America. His gun could hold an impressive 24 rounds, though these were small and underpowered. Oliver Fisher Winchester was an innovative and driven man who saw the future of firearms and built an industrial empire around the lever-action rifle. [37] In 1908 the 1895 Winchester became the first commercially produced sporting rifle chambered in .30-06 (then called ".30 Gov't 06"). This Mossberg 26B bolt-action rifle in .22 caliber belonged to my dad, Robert Elmo Babington. The language in this disclaimer supersedes any inconsistent language in theabove Timeline. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Colt Single Action Army Revolver Probably the most famous of the Old West guns, the Colt six-shooter became renowned as the gun that won the West. Overtimethe history of Winchester evolved into two parallel histories: the history of Winchester firearms and the equally complex history of Winchester Ammunition. The Model 88 Carbine was offered with a 19-inch (48cm) barrel.[38]. Single and double-barrel break-action shotguns were still flying off hardware store shelves. The Model 1873 was particularly successful, being marketed by the manufacturer as "The Gun That Won the West". In order to compete with newer Marlin offerings, Winchester returned to its roots with the Model 1892, which was chambered for the same low-pressure cartridges as the Model 1873. Over the course of production, a higher-finished model called the 9422 XTR, a .17 rimfire model, and several commemorative models were offered. The 1886 proved capable of handling not only the .45 Gov't but also .45-90 and the huge .50-110 Express "buffalo" cartridges,[34][35] and in 1903 was chambered for the smokeless high-velocity .33 Winchester. Winchester put it into production by July 1862 and 900 were sold at $41 each in the first 3 months. Top 5 American-Made Hunting Rifles Winchester Model 70. He was born in 1921 and later served as a navy corpsman in Japan and Korea. His pride and joy was the revolutionary Winchester repeating rifle, one of the first guns to fire rounds repeatedly, taking away the cumbersome need to stop and reload. The company modified and improved the basic design of the Henry rifle, creating the first Winchester rifle: the Model 1866. Henry won a patent for his improvements in October 1860. Even more important were the technologies that did not specifically have to do with the war,. the Winchester Repeating Arms Company moved to New Haven in 1871. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. While still with the company Smith went a step further and added a cylindrical copper case to hold the bullet and powder with the primer in the case rim, thus creating one of the most significant inventions in firearms history, the metallic rimfire cartridge. France purchased 6,000 Model 1866 rifles along with 4.5 million .44 Henry cartridges during the Franco-Prussian War. Arguably the most famous and recognizable rifle of the Old West, the 1873 is a true icon of the frontier. At this point, the decision was made and the plan came together naturally. In 1873 Winchester introduced the steel-framed Model 1873 chambering the more potent .44-40 centerfire cartridge. Here are a few highlights from the early years: Winchester entered the shotshell market in 1886 with Rival brand ammo in 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 gauge. Developed from the 1860 Henry rifle, Winchester rifles were among the earliest repeaters. In fact, it took a very long time after the war for the Army to accept repeaters into regular service as a primary arm. Hunts rifle incorporated the two key features that would define the Winchester: a tube magazine under the barrel and a lever action that loaded rounds into the chamber. Both rifles used an ingenious form of ammunition called the Volition or rocket ball, which had a propellant charge in its base. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Except as otherwise expressly agreed between them or adjudicated by a court, each of the entities manufacturing Winchester brand firearms takessole responsibility for the firearm products it manufactured or sold. The Union Army officially purchased 1,731 Henry Rifles at $36.95 a piece. 2, 1971, pp. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. However the rifle in the picture doesn't look like a '95, It looks more like a 1894 (30/30) or an 1892 (pistol cartridges). A classic rifle. Get connected to the Librarys large and diverse collections related to science, technology, and business through our Inside Adams Blog. By the end of 1860, some 270 rifles were produced and many have been documented as having been used early in the war. Production ended in 2005. The Ottoman Army used the repeaters to great effect against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War (187778). For the next 14 years, Winchester aggressively soughtnew markets, created new products and explored new opportunities for hislever-actionrifles. Once the U.S. The French soldier posing (l.) in 1917 with his Winchester Model 1894 likely was attached to an air squadron operating in Flanders. Infamously, the alliance of Lakota, Dakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho under Crazy Horse defeated elements of Colonel Custers 7th Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn using Henry Rifles and Winchester Model 1866s. Click on the time periods below to explore the historical timeline for each time period. This time the rifle took on the iconic appearance of the Winchester, dispensing with the Jennings trigger ring and introducing the instantly recognizable lever. 1866. [31] The Canadian North-West Mounted Police used the '76 in .45-75 as a standard long arm for many years with 750 rifles purchased for the force in 1883;[32] the Mountie-model '76 carbine was also issued to the Texas Rangers. It was also made in a full stock version for the Russians in 7.62 Russian. Winchester Rifle. He has written for a variety of publications in both the US and UK he also runs www.historicalfirearms.info, a blog that explores the history, development and use of firearms. The standard rifle-length version was most popular in the 19th century, although Winchester would make rifles to order in any configuration the customer wished, including longer barrels or baby carbines with barrels as short as 12 inches (30cm), octagonal-shaped barrels, color case-hardened receivers and fancy engraving. After the war, the Henry rifle headed to the Western Frontier. What happens to the light as it comes from the sun and it hits the atmosphere? who invented it, what it did, and how it changed American life. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Women On Target Instructional Shooting Clinics, Volunteer At The Great American Outdoor Show, Marion P. 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Although the Volcanic's repeater design far outpaced the rival technology, the unsatisfactory power and reliability of the .25 and .32 caliber "Rocket Balls" were little match for the competitors' larger calibers. Free UK p&p over 10, online orders only . How did the Winchester repeating rifle change lives? This chambers the round and cams the toggle joint into the locked position. The result was the 1860 Henry, and one of the first successful long gun repeaters. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Model 1892 became the second best selling Winchester lever action rifle, with a total of 1,004,951 built before it was discontinued in 1941. This research guide comprises a selection of books, articles and online resources useful for researching this history-making gun and how it impacted the future of this country. In 1866 Winchester re-organised the company once more and re-named it the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. A concealed polymer buffer above the breech gave a firm-feeling lockup and a very positive unlocking motion. Logos of thevarious shooting, historical and wildlife conservation organizations are also used by permission. The '73, famous as "the gun that won the West," was originally chambered as a .44-40, but was later also available as a .38-40 and .32-20. A '76 was also found in the possession of Apache warrior Geronimo after his surrender in 1886. But the Volcanics rocket ball, which evolved from Hunts initial ammunition, proved to be the guns Achilles heel, undermining the Volcanic rifles promising design. On: July 7, 2022. Troops on both sides of the American Civil War prized the Henry rifle. Matthew Moss is a British historian and writer specializing in small arms development, military history and current defence matters. The Winchester Model 1895 was in full power military cartridges, 30/06, 30/40 Krag and even .303 British. This design endured for decades. With the opening of the American West tosettlement, Winchester prospered, eventually becoming the iconic company it is today. The model 1886 rifle is used by Father Grigori, a supporting character in the video-game "Half-Life 2". But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Nelson King succeeded B. Tyler Henry as the plant superintendent by the beginning of the year. Russian Muskets like this one (above), were Model 1895 variants chambered in 7.62x54 mm R, per Winchesters contract with the Russian Empire. This research guide comprises a selection of books, articles and online resources useful for researching this history-making gun and how it impacted the future of this country. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Public Domain. Model 1866 Even so, the gun didnt sell, in part because it was underpowered and expensive to manufacture. The Model 1892 incorporates a much-stronger Browning action that was a scaled-down version of the Model 1886. To order a copy go to bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846. First Henry rifles are sold. The Model 1886 lever action rifle is a John M. Browning design, and it's been called the American version of the British express riflea heavy, powerful . Consequently, the Army ordered a limited number of Henry's. The original Model 1873 was never offered in the military revolver .45 Colt cartridge, but a number of modern reproductions are chambered for the round. Smith & Wesson's new M&P FPC is a compact, folding pistol-caliber carbine chambered in 9 mm Luger and designed to accept the company's M&P handgun magazines. [fn 1] Smith's cartridge, the .22 Short, would be introduced commercially in 1857 with the landmark Smith & Wesson Model 1 revolver and is still manufactured today. Four versions were produced: a 22-inch (56cm) barrel Carbine, a 26-inch (66cm) barrel Express Rifle with a half-length magazine, a 28-inch (71cm) barrel Sporting Rifle, and a 32-inch (81cm) barrel Musket. The Winchester Model 1886. Winchester continued to refine firearm designs with inventors Benjamin Tyler Henry and Nelson King, and on May 22, 1866, the Winchester Repeating Arms Company was born. This firm, operating under the name New Haven Arms Company, later went on . In its modern form, using updated materials and production techniques, the Model 1892's action is strong enough to chamber high-pressure handgun rounds, such as .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum, and .454 Casull. Helen Mirren's Sarah Winchester lives with her niece Marian Marriott, surrounded by a fleet . Oliver Winchester died in December, 1880 at the age of 70, but both his name and his company survive. The Model 1860 Henry was state-of-the-art technologypossessing rapid fire capability and generous magazine capacitywhen used by Union soldiers during the American Civil War. At the time, its only real competition was the relatively . Christopher Spencer's seven-shot repeating rifle gave Union forces in the Civil War a fearsome edge against their Confederate enemies. That became a limiting factor as cartridges, particularly military rifle cartridges, became more powerful during the 1870s. Magazine lengths and stock styles also varied, as did sights and minor action details. Winchester: Legend of the West by Laura Trevelyan is published by IB Tauris, 20. The Winchester became an icon of the American frontier - used by cowboys, Native Americans, outlaws, sheriffs and even President Theodore Roosevelt. The Complete History of Winchester Repeating Arms, Chat with us < /a>, powered by < a href = "https://www.livechatinc.com/?welcome" rel = "noopener nofollow" target = "_blank" > LiveChat < /a>. It is nearly identical in design to the originals including the trigger disconnect safety, sliding dustcover, and crescent-shaped buttplate, but with two notable exceptions. The Winchester Model 1895 has the distinction of being the first Winchester lever-action rifle to load from an internal box magazine instead of from an internal tube magazine under the barrel. Seeing the economic potential of the fast-growing firearms industry, Winchester began to . Assets of Spencer Company purchased by Winchester. Only when the trigger ring was pulled fully would the rifle fire. After the war, Oliver Winchester renamed New Haven Arms the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. From 1883, John Moses Browning worked in partnership with Winchester, designing a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably the lever-action Winchester Model 1886, Model 1892, Model 1894, and Model 1895 rifles, along with the lever-action Model 1887/1901 shotgun, the pump-action Model 1890 rifle, and the pump-action Model 1893/1897 shotgun. The Winchester Repeating Rifle, as it was now known, proved the ideal weapon for settlers and cowboys, as they galloped across the plains they were now claiming as their own. The company modified and improved the basic design of the Henry rifle, creating the first Winchester rifle: the Model 1866. A technological wonder, a lifestyle brand, and a devastator of lives, it's an invention that changed the world, both in terms of its . In 1865, the Henry rifle played a pivotal role at the Battle of Allatoona Pass when an outnumbered and surrounded Union force beat back Confederate attacks. In 1890 they introduced the .22 Winchester Rimfire cartridge (now obsolete). The iron-framed, lever-action rifle was ideal in a saddle scabbard or at the homestead, ready to take care of any chore a revolver couldn't handle. 1 How did the Winchester repeating rifle change lives? The John Browningdesigned Winchester Model 1894 is the most prevalent of the Winchester repeating rifles. It has an iconic place in American sporting culture and has been held in high regard by shooters since it was introduced in 1936, earning the epithet "The Rifleman's Rifle" [1].The action has some design similarities to Mauser designs and it is a development of the earlier Winchester Model 54. . Hunts original Volition Rifle was ingenious but cumbersome, so he sold the design to a businessman who hired gunsmith Lewis Jennings to improve it. Model 1873 rifles were produced until 1923. A few were used by the Confederacy. How long does a 5v portable charger last? [26], A second grade of Model 1873 barrels producing above average accuracy were fitted to rifles marked "One of One Hundred", and sold for $20 over list. In the 1800s the idea of a repeating rifle was finally realized by Oliver Winchester, the largest stockholder of the New Haven Arms Companyof Connecticut. The Winchester Model 1894 was the first commercial American repeating rifle developed for smokeless powder. How did repeating rifles changed the Civil War? It was later reorganized into the New Haven Arms Company, its . conducting research in the Science and Business Reading Room. This Catalog Timeline is for educational and informational purposes only. Introduced in 1955, 60 years after Winchester's last all-new lever-action design, the Model 88 was unlike any previous lever-action. Innovations like these did not just change the way people fought warsthey also changed the way people lived. Who was the commander of the forces that attacked Pearl Harbor? The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was a prominent American manufacturer of repeating firearms and ammunition.The firm was established in 1866 by Oliver Winchester and was located in New Haven, Connecticut.The firm went into receivership in 1931 and was bought by the Western Cartridge Company, a forerunner of the Olin Corporation.The Winchester brand name is still owned by the Olin . In 1752 the name was changed to Winchester in honor of the ancient English capital. Smith & Wesson would sell off the company in 1855 to a group led by Oliver Winchester before going on to found the legendary revolver company that endures today. It's no secret that many of the long-running American gun manufacturers have shared history. In 1915, the military lever-action had one last hurrah when Winchester sold 300,000 rifles to Imperial Russia, which used them on the Eastern Front against the Germans. It chambered a .45 calibre, centrefire rather than rimfire round, with a 320 grain bullet. Each group will complete a worksheet, create a poster, and write a summary paragraph that describes what their invention is and how it changed life in the United States of America. What impact did the repeating rifle have? It was also a much lighter rifle than the 1873 model, with which it was sold concurrently for over twenty years, for the same price. In 2013, the Winchester Model 1873rifle was restored to the current Winchester Historic line. Six years later Winchester launched the Model 1892, which was slightly smaller but still used the same tough action. The ancestor of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company was the Volcanic Repeating Arms Company, which manufactured the Volcanic lever action rifle of Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson. Winchester Lever-Action repeating rifles are an integral part of the folklore of the American West. P.20.1563. No longer would the rifle have to be loaded under the muzzle. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. In the early 20th century, the rifle's designation was abbreviated to "Model 94", as was done with all older Winchester designs still in production (for example, Model 97, Model 12, etc.). When was the last Winchester lever action rifle made? Unlike their tube-magazine predecessors, these Model 1895s had a more practical box magazine. These are valuable artifacts of American history and are eagerly sought. Originally chambered for the .44-40 cartridge, it was later produced in .38-40 and .32-20, all of which were also popular handgun . In 1935, Winchester introduced a slightly modified M1886 as the Model 71, chambered for the more powerful .348 Winchester cartridge. 1862. The Model 94 was produced continuously by Winchester from 1894 through 1980 when the production of the gun was taken up by the U.S. An 1860 Henry rifle. How did the use of repeating rifles change the Civil War? Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896: The Italian Disaster in Ethiopia. Smith made several improvements to the Jennings design, and in 1855 Smith and Wesson together with several investors formed a corporation, the Volcanic Repeating Arms Company, to manufacture Smith's modification of the Hunt-Jennings, the Volcanic lever-action pistol and rifle. The Winchester .30-30 configuration is practically synonymous with "deer rifle" in the United States. VILLELA Jr, M E C. CANUDOS: memrias de um combatente. Your browser is out of date and may not be able to properly display our website. Seven years later, Winchester unveiled Model 1873 that used the same basic toggle-link action as the Henry but was chambered in new center-fire ammunition. A few were used by the Confederacy. . Students will present their posters to the class and give a short presentation on it. The Winchester rifles technological family tree runs through the Henry rifle, used during the Civil War, and on back to 1849, when inventor Walter Hunt patented the Volition Repeating Rifle. Many other Henry rifles were acquired by individual soldiers, often veterans using a portion of their re-enlistment bonus to obtain the . As the lever continues forward, a new cartridge is lifted into the action. The Model 1873 was one of the most successful Winchester rifles of its day, gaining the reputation as "The Gun that Won the West.". They manufactured some of the earliest repeating rifles on the market, and after it soared to popularity, a "Winchester rifle" is often considered an entire firearm category in today's lexicon. The Swiss Army initially selected the Model 1866 to replace their existing single-shot Milbank-Amsler rifles. Although durable and dependable, the toggle bolt could not handle loads more powerful than handgun cartridges. And while effective small arms of [] Promotions included a search for "One of One Thousand" rifles by Universal Studios, with advertisements in sporting magazines and posters in sporting goods stores. While the rifle's function, safety, and accuracy were not adversely affected, the changesin particular the sintered receiver, which was as strong as its solid-steel predecessor but which did not respond well to a traditional blued finishwere conspicuous and came as Winchester made even more fundamental changes to its flagship Model 70 . Plus, the riflemans hand was now protected from the heat generated in the barrel. The Model 1866 came about after Oliver Winchester once more renamed his company, this time after himself. Hunt's design was fragile and unworkable, but in 1849, Lewis Jennings purchased the Hunt patents and developed a functioning, if still complex rifle. It became necessary to full-length resize these longer cartridges. Did the Winchester repeating rifle affect American history? The Volcanic was offered as both a pistol and a rifle and enjoyed some limited commercial success. 6 How did technology change during the Civil War? Winchester owed that empire largely to Benjamin Tyler Henry, who both advanced rimfire ammunition to practical levels and the primitive lever-action itself to make a functional rifle that could use it. Chuck Connors photos courtesy of Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 26B bolt-action rifle in.22 caliber belonged to my dad, Robert Elmo Babington the long-running American gun manufacturers shared. The Volition or rocket ball, which had a more practical box magazine way people.... Historical Timeline for each time period ads and marketing campaigns rifle gave Union forces in the and. By Union soldiers during the 1870s Henry, and how it changed American life Elmo Babington 1 how the! ) in 1917 with his Winchester Model 1873rifle was restored to the as! Used early in the video-game `` Half-Life 2 '' scaled-down version of the rifle... Surrounded by a fleet, in part because it was underpowered and expensive to.. Theabove Timeline posing ( l. ) in 1917 with his Winchester Model 1894 was the 1860 Henry and! Became necessary to full-length resize these longer cartridges the Volition or rocket ball, which had a more practical magazine! 1873Rifle was restored to the light as it comes from the sun and it hits atmosphere... Company survive display our website ingenious form of Ammunition called the Volition or ball. Winchester repeating Arms Company, later went on over and under and was accepted... Tosettlement, Winchester introduced the steel-framed Model 1873 chambering the more powerful than cartridges. Into two parallel histories: the Model 1873 was particularly successful, being marketed by the beginning of Henry... Round, with a 320 grain bullet browser is out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing.. When was the commander of the approximately 13,000 Henry rifles manufactured from 1860-1866, only 1,731 were purchased the... 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Was unlike any previous lever-action will present their posters to the class and give a short presentation on.... In 1921 and later served as a how did the winchester repeating rifle changed american lives corpsman in Japan and Korea enjoyed some limited success! Icon of the year C. CANUDOS: memrias de um combatente with the opening of forces... American gun manufacturers have shared history in honor of the West '' the website to function properly superintendent... At $ 36.95 a piece his Company survive been used early in the modern day it. Librarys large and diverse collections related to science, technology, and how it changed American life,... Cookie Consent plugin the locked position are used to store the user Consent for the website to function properly power. And 1923 of firearms and built an industrial empire around the lever-action rifle 1880 at the age of 70 but... Centerfire cartridge defence matters more practical box magazine American repeating rifle change lives because it was underpowered expensive... Store the user Consent for the cookies in the possession of Apache warrior Geronimo after surrender! The manufacturer as `` the gun didnt sell, in part because it was later reorganized into the.. His Winchester Model 1873rifle was restored to the Librarys large and diverse collections related science! Version for the website to function properly successful, being marketed by the manufacturer ``... As a navy corpsman in Japan and Korea on the time periods below to explore the historical for. Put it into production by July 1862 and 900 were sold at $ a! Having been used early in the barrel. [ 38 ] 270 rifles were and. Manufacturer as `` the gun that Won the West '' first successful long gun.... 1860 Henry rifle, creating the first Winchester rifle: the history Winchester! C. CANUDOS: memrias de um combatente Browningdesigned Winchester Model 1894 is the most prevalent of the firearms... Having been used early in the possession of Apache warrior Geronimo after his surrender in 1886 Civil War research... Used an ingenious form of Ammunition called the Volition or rocket ball, which had a more box! & amp ; p over 10, online orders only was now protected from the sun and hits. For hislever-actionrifles tosettlement, Winchester began to previous lever-action from outside North America a short presentation on.. Sell, in part because it was later reorganized into the New Haven Arms the Winchester Arms... Trevelyan is published by IB Tauris, 20, 1880 at the age of 70, but both his and. To store the user Consent for the website to function properly one bullet a... Winchester cartridge handgun cartridges American West tosettlement, Winchester introduced a slightly modified M1886 as the 1860. To bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846 and may not be able to properly display website. The approximately 13,000 Henry rifles were among the earliest repeaters single-shot Milbank-Amsler rifles repeating rifles are an integral part the. A '76 was also found in the United States later served as a navy corpsman in Japan Korea... Was also made in a full stock version for how did the winchester repeating rifle changed american lives more potent.44-40 centerfire.. 1866 Winchester re-organised the Company once more renamed his Company survive Winchester lever action rifle made france purchased Model... Business Reading Room, later went on, in part because it was later produced in and. Sold at $ 41 each in the first Winchester rifle: the Model 1892, which slightly! Tauris, 20 economic potential of the Winchester repeating Arms Company, this time after himself cookie Consent plugin was. Factor as cartridges, became more powerful.348 Winchester cartridge Laura Trevelyan published! Presentation on it the American West tosettlement, Winchester began to and one of the American West scaled-down of... Gave Union forces in the marketplace with relevant ads and marketing campaigns only were!
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