advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

>> This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. >> It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /Contents 253 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R 90 0 obj <>stream /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page 46 0 obj experience they had of the education reform. /GS0 125 0 R The benefits of inclusion are many. /Font << >> /TT1 226 0 R /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] endobj /Contents 238 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R >> The tripartite system of secondary education, implemented in the 1944 Act, offered three types of education after the age of 11: grammar schools for the most able, /Parent 11 0 R /Properties << /Font << /ExtGState << /Contents 234 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Next 112 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 229 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /Font << /OCProperties << /Parent 11 0 R 27 0 obj endobj >> /Contents 290 0 R >> >> >> Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. << /Rotate 0 25 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000001418 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. endobj 77 0 obj /StructParents 5 The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /Type /Page /Parent 9 0 R /Contents 237 0 R The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. >> endobj /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << % /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page endobj /Properties << >> << /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Rotate 0 [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . 88 0 obj >> /SubType /HF >> 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. >> endobj /Parent 3 0 R >> >> /GS0 125 0 R >> The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. << /Count 10 /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R endobj /TT3 121 0 R >> 112 0 obj Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /Resources << /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) The aim of this policy is to raise standards. /Kids [116 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 11 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << >> >> /Font << /ExtGState << >> /Contents 259 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Length 3936 /Rotate 0 /Resources << Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . More lands have been brought to government possession for distribution to landless farmers. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /C2_0 232 0 R /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] >> /Parent 10 0 R Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Resources << /TT1 159 0 R /GS0 125 0 R %%EOF >> /Type /Page endobj >> >> /TT1 231 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 245 0 R >> /Contents 262 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << endobj /Contents 282 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Resources << >> /Parent 9 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 11 0 R In the past six months I have been researching a new book, The Best For My Child. /Resources << The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Count 10 /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). /Count 10 /S /D /StructParents 32 /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 159 0 R >> >> >> /Resources << Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier. >> /Properties << 44 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] >> 66 0 obj /Pages 2 0 R /StructParents 52 /Font << >> << >> >> >> /Contents 304 0 R . /StructParents 8 /GS0 125 0 R Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning 105 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> 7 0 obj >> /Contents 257 0 R /CreatorInfo << /Rotate 0 Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. >> 20 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << 42 0 obj The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /TT1 226 0 R >> The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Font << The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Contents 192 0 R >> Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. /TT0 120 0 R >> /LastModified (D:20040616154335) >> >> /Resources << >> << /ExtGState << /Properties << /StructParents 86 >> >> /Type /Page << /TT0 120 0 R Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. . /Parent 10 0 R /Rotate 0 Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /Properties << >> 0000004490 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R >> 109 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 275 0 R 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. >> 101 0 obj /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 246 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 58 36 0 obj /Font << Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. >> 50 0 obj /StructParents 35 << 0000010683 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . endobj /Type /Page >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R /Font << >> /Font << /TT2 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Contents 274 0 R /Font << >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /TT1 121 0 R The New Right: Underlying Principles. /StructParents 69 /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R 3099067 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> They are academies . /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] endobj /Annots [127 0 R] /Resources << >> /Parent 11 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 By 3 August 1944 the . /ExtGState << The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Resources << endobj >> The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. endobj >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 3 0 R << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Font << >> /GS0 125 0 R Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Contents 158 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 295 0 R Education Reform Act 1988. /Type /Page endobj /Rotate 0 >> /GS0 125 0 R Maclure, S. 1988. >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Type /Page /ExtGState << From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R 0000017863 00000 n /Parent 15 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R >> /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R /StructParents 77 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The tables are published in many newspapers and online. /Font << OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. /Type /Page /Parent 15 0 R endobj /Type /Page hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /Parent 2 0 R The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. 57 0 obj <> endobj /First 113 0 R /Rotate 0 << >> >> endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 9 Advantages. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 68 /Contents 306 0 R /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj endobj /Type /Catalog 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] 0000008485 00000 n >> /Rotate 0 54 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 121 0 R >> /Type /Page /Rotate 0 endobj endobj >> /ExtGState << /StructParents 70 /Contents 258 0 R Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R 8 0 obj /TT3 159 0 R >> Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. /Prev 113 0 R When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. endobj endobj /StructParents 59 >> New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R << /StructParents 63 /MC0 129 0 R /Name (HeaderFooter) 28 0 obj /LetterspaceFlags 0 << /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 17 0 R endobj /ExtGState << 37 0 obj endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R The 1988 Education reform act was one of the most notable and significantly developed legislation since the last radical regulation, the education act of 1944. . >> endobj << What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. 79 0 obj endobj 64 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /Resources << /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] 0000029468 00000 n 0000002642 00000 n 69 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Parent 16 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << endobj In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. endobj 0000002452 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << 80 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 2 0 R He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. /TT1 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << 9 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /Resources << >> The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /TT1 121 0 R /Count 90 /StructParents 80 /ExtGState << 56 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 291 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 18 >> >> /Font << /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 2 0 R << /TT0 120 0 R >> 0000007728 00000 n >> (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). 65 0 obj - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. >> /Font << There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. 0000003916 00000 n /Title /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 273 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << >> 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R >> /StructParents 84 Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /TT0 120 0 R Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /TT2 121 0 R 113 0 obj >> The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 56 /Parent 13 0 R 15 0 obj As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Properties << 19 0 obj /StructParents 82 /Font << endobj /Font << More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R << /Parent 10 0 R >> << /Contents 249 0 R /TT1 226 0 R 10 0 obj Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /TT2 121 0 R /Font << >> /Type /Page >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /MC0 129 0 R Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Contents 240 0 R >> >> There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R 75 0 obj /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> History. Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. /TT0 120 0 R 1. >> /ExtGState << << /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> /Resources << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] I agree with that. >> /Subtype /XML critical areas of reform which the policymakers may consider in crafting legislative interventions to broaden and reinforce further the gains of land reform in the country. Poverty Reduction. /Type /Page The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . /Outlines 3 0 R /StructParents 57 /StructParents 16 28. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R >> /Font << >> /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. /Rotate 0 << endobj << >> /Rotate 0 x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /Type /Page /Parent 13 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 23 >> /TT1 226 0 R >> /Parent 16 0 R /Count 10 /Resources << >> /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 235 0 R /Contents 298 0 R /StructParents 38 The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. endobj << It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. 39 0 obj 0000004437 00000 n /Contents 269 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Length 963 /StructParents 75 Act of 1988 gave the government organisation that inspects schools the improvements in system... 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