floating arm trebuchet efficiency
As mentioned, the angle of the paperclip is a key variable, as well as the type of projectile, and the length of string that its attached to. "[100] The traction trebuchet continued to serve as an anti-personnel weapon. Watch headings for an "edit" link when available. Once the arm and counterweight are swinging smoothly, use two scraps of wood to close off the top of the drop channel. Qiang died the following year and no further references to the Arresting Trebuchet appear. [47] At the Siege of Kamacha in 766, Byzantine defenders used wooden cover to protect themselves from the enemy artillery while inflicting casualties with their own stone throwers. [100], The hand-trebuchet (Greek: , cheiromanganon) was a staff sling mounted on a pole using a lever mechanism to propel projectiles. The next step would be for it to be foldable/portable.Nice job ! Most accounts of traction trebuchets describe them as light artillery weapons while actual penetration of defenses was the result of mining or siege towers. I've scoured the Internet for a mathematical model (or at least an attempt at one) for the behavior of a floating-arm trebuchet and have had zero luck. Check out how this page has evolved in the past. "[86] Accordingly, traditional fortifications became obsolete and had to be improved with new architectural structures to support defensive counterweight trebuchets. It's good for you. Operation Trebuchet: Efficiency of the Floating Arm Tyler Thibodeau, Drew Prosser, Kevin Chan, and Jack Stevenson 31 May 2011 Governor's School for Science and Technology Author: nguyenque Post on 13-Mar-2018 A loop at the end of the string allows the projectile to attach to the paperclip. I'm a writer, maker, and educator who's on a mission to better the world through hands-on engineeri, seven 12" (30.5 cm) square dowels, 1/2" (1.3 cm) wide, Strap-On Cleats for Ice and Snow Traction, Hollow Wood Surfboard - Plywood and Cedar, Cut two 12" (30.5 cm) paint stirrer into four 6" (15 cm) pieces, Split two of the 6" (15 cm) pieces down the middle, Cut the bottom of the split pieces at approximately a 45 angle, Cut 2 paint stirrers into four 5" (12.5 cm) pieces, leaving two 2" (5 cm) pieces. The ASU Library acknowledges the twenty-three Native Nations that have inhabited this land for centuries. [9], The earliest appearance of the term "trebuchet" dates to the late 12th century. Give it a quick test by pulling the arm back and letting it go. However no illustrations or descriptions of the device exist from the time when they were supposed to have been used. Straighten out a paperclip and then fold it in half. December 7th, 2011. The axle of these trebuchets is wheeled and is allowed to roll along a rail or track. In general, VirtualTrebuchet will over predict the performance of a trebuchet by some amount because it ignores things like friction. Then, the floating arm trebuchet's arm length ratio and sling length were then optimized. [127], The largest currently-functioning trebuchet in the world is the 22-tonne machine at Warwick Castle, England, constructed in 2005. It was also mentioned in the Taktika of general Nikephoros Ouranos (c. 1000), and listed in De obsidione toleranda (author anonymous) as a form of artillery. They work great over a huge range of mass ratios. A pair of wheels allows the arm to roll along glide rails as the counterweight falls. It's our goal to provide the toys that make it easy. [66] However the source for this was written in the 1180s to 1190s and Niketas may have been placing the engine of his own time anachronistically into the past. With our machine running at 100% proficiency, we figured it would throw 90.3 meters. View and manage file attachments for this page. or turning into a video game zombie! Wrap layers of masking tape around the round dowel until the thickness is slightly larger than the center of the washers. is a siege machine with a modern twist. It also has a better efficiency than the counterweight trebuchet. Of course, when properly tuned, there is very little energy left (The FAKA can be tuned for very high efficiency), but before its tuned, or in the event of a misfire things can go quite wrong. [93] The Mamluks entered the city by sapping the northeast corner of the outer wall. {"module":"wiki\/image\/FlickrGalleryModule","params":{"tags":"Floating Axle, TheHurl","tagMode":"all"}}, Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under. Invented in the late 1990's, it uses the same physics involved with a normal trebuchet. [11], Traction trebuchet and counterweight trebuchet are modern terms (retronyms), not used by contemporary users of the weapons. A large trebuchet was tested in late 2017 in Belfast as part of the set for the television series Game of Thrones.[130]. It was a pole with a pin at its upper end that acted as a fulcrum for the arm. a projectile shooting toy gun as a kid. Floating Arm Trebuchet . On my larger FAKA, Golf Ball Beast, it is hinged so it can get knocked a little bit out of the way. Use the 2" (5 cm) pieces of paint stirrer to add structural support to the glide rails and to help maintain a uniform gap. To fix this problem, we added foam to the bottom of the vertical weight track. Floating Arm Trebuchet Just curious as to who would be interested: FAKAs are hard to build, and have have a tendency to go very wrong, and often break things, if the timing is a little off. Make Also, the Golf Ball Beast lifts the back of the frame just before the arm is released. All you need is a small and dense object with a string tied to it. they're learning it. In response, the Seljuks constructed another one requiring 400 men to pull and threw stones weighing 20 kg. For example, if the shorter side of the arm (the counterweight side) is half a meter long, than the longer side of the arm would be 2 meters long. Despite its greater range, counterweight trebuchets had to be constructed close to the site of the siege unlike traction trebuchets, which were smaller, lighter, cheaper, and easier to take apart and put back together again where necessary. Super awesome! In a long siege, reload time may not be a critical concern. motion. Step 6: Join trebuchet sides. Enter the modified floating arm trebuchet. interact. -Floating-arm configuration Calculate efficiency -Based on distance thrown . Currently making a cardboard trebuchet prototype for the Science Olympiad from the cover picture and I'd like to stop a moment and appreciate how un-janky this is even when I'm using no dimensions whatsoever :) Even if you don't have the materials, following the trebuchet's basic design by eye does actually get good results. Trim the axle until it is flush with the wheels. Our counter weights were made out of concrete and had a mass of 40 kg (88 lb). You can look at the User Projects page to see how VirtualTrebuchet's predictions have compared to some real trebuchets that VirtualTrebuchet users have made. And you know where that leads First, physics, The mechanical advantage is primarily obtained by having the projectile section of the beam much longer than the opposite section where the force is applied usually four to six times longer.[16]. ASU Library welcomes members of the Akimel Oodham and Pee Posh, and all Native nations to the Library. According to the Song of the Albigensian Crusade, the defenders "ran to the ropes and wound the trebuchets", and to shoot the machine, they "then released their ropes. [88] Marshall maintains that "the methods of attack and defence remained largely the same through the thirteenth century as they had been during the twelfth. [41][42] Like the Chinese, by 653, the Arabs also had ship mounted traction trebuchets. The floating arm trebuchet uses a counterweight the vertically falls down a shaft created by two pieces of wood. Find out what you can do. Using the cutting guide shown, cut the two-by-threes, two-by-two, and one-by-three to length. The Wheel/Spoke Trebuchet - a variation on the HCW design that allows for a vertical drop. [56], The couillard is a smaller version of a counterweight trebuchet with a single frame instead of the usual double "A" frames. The axle of these trebuchets is wheeled and is allowed to roll along a rail or track. Since you don't know what the best possible range efficiency is, what you should do is set a reasonable goal for yourself based on the results of last year's nationals winners. See this page for for images: FAT Trebuchet Model. [19], A trebuchet projectile can be almost anything, even debris, rotting carcasses, or incendiaries, but is typically a large stone. 2. Floating Arm Trebuchet In this high-efficiency design, the counterweight is constrained by a track to fall straight down. This is a more efficient way to transfer potential energy into kinetic energy at a small scale. How to calculate the Resultant force due to a Lever arm? [5] The word trabuchellus appeared alongside manganum and prederia in a document in Vicenza on 6April 1189 (833 years ago)(1189-04-06). Cut off any excess dowel to prevent it from getting caught on the drop channel beams. The later, and often larger and more powerful, counterweight trebuchet, also known as the counterpoise trebuchet, uses a counterweight to swing the arm. However it is unclear if this referred to counterweight trebuchets since the author did not specify what engine was used and described the machine as fairly light. Accordingly, it was only profitable to employ counterweight trebuchets if they were capable of harnessing noticeably more energy, allowing them to throw significantly larger stones or similarly sized stones greater distances. 3. Paint stirrer: ruler, wood shim, craft sticks, or another flat, rigid strip of wood. Launch the trebuchet. The origin of the word "trebuchet" is uncertain. [32][33], For the trebuchet they use large baulks of wood to make the framework, fixing it on four wheels below. It combines the efficiency of a Floating Arm Trebuchet (FAT) with the increased potential energy of a King Arthur. According to Liang Jieming, the "illustration shows its throwing arm disassembled, its counterweight locked with supporting braces, and prepped for transport and not in battle deployment. Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under. In these instances, trebuchets were used to threaten or bombard enemy fortifications and ensure victory. Click here to edit contents of this page. This is the floating arm trebuchet with a sling. There are two main types of trebuchet. "[48] During the siege of Baghdad in 865, defensive artillery were responsible for repelling an attack on the city gate while traction trebuchets on boats claimed a hundred of the defenders' lives. Create the drop channel: Hot glue four square dowels upright at the center of the base. View and manage file attachments for this page. This is bad because it adds stress to the frame when it re-contacts the ground, and could (And I think it did) derail the axle.1. It is unclear, however, whether these referred to counterweight trebuchets. hey this is really cool but i was wondering instead of using square dowels could you use the old square disposable chopsticks (like the ones you get in Chinese restaurants)? We are three guys from Sweden who made a Floating Arm Trebuchet as a school project. The hinged trebuchet achieved efficiencies of 0.8065 for both range and energy efficiency and the "see-saw" with efficiencies of only 0.567 and 0.570, respectively. the Parthenon. this variation features drop DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of Georgia Maryville University Harvard University Therefore, use only woodcraft that is perfectly straight and well-formed. Floating arm designs are the best, for several reasons: The design allows the counterweight to fall the greatest distance, giving you the most potential energy you can harness. I'm tired of culling search hits for kits and plans being peddled by entities that have no concise explanation for FAT principles and operation. [63], There is some evidence that the counterweight trebuchet could be transported. . [137] Instead of using the traditional axle fixed to a frame, these devices are mounted on wheels that roll on a track parallel to the ground, with a counterweight that falls directly downward upon release, allowing for greater efficiency by increasing the proportion of energy transferred to the projectile. At the Siege of Toulouse (12171218), trabuquets were mentioned to have been deployed,[73] but the siege engine depicted at the tomb of Simon de Montfort, who was killed by artillery at the siege, is a traction trebuchet. Trebuchets were still used both at the siege of Burgos (14751476) and siege of Rhodes (1480). This design is more complicated to build than a traditional trebuchet, however the launching mechanism is more effective and much more gratifying to behold! Torrent: Great Courses - Science (1.4 TB) Has total of 2749 files and has 0 Seeders and 0 Peers. Read the documentation or contact us. Step 2: Mark frame. [65][62], Chevedden argues that counterweight trebuchets appeared prior to 1187 in Europe based on what might have been counterweight trebuchets in earlier sources. With his model, the most efficient model was determined to be the floating arm trebuchet, with a range efficiency of 0.8275 and an energy efficiency of 0.8526. [6] The numerous forms of the word that appeared during the 13th century, including trabocco, tribok, tribuclietta, and trubechetum, have made it impossible to identify the source with any certainty. The pins should fit in the holes loosely. Looks like a lot of fun ! Both the traction and counterweight trebuchets have been called mangonel at one point or another. With. https://jaanmarss.planet.ee/juhendid/Mehaanilised_kaugrelvad_keskajal/andmebaas/Russell%20Miners/htt01.html, "Medieval Warfare during the Cathar Crusades", "War in the South: A First Look at Siege Warfare in the Albigensian Crusade, 12091218", "By hook or by crook: Siege warfare in the fourteenth century", "armedieval - le trebuchet et les machines civiles et militaires mdivales", "World Championship Punkin Chunkin Current World Records", "Season 8 Filming: Watch a trebuchet test at Titanic Studios", Experts reveal the science behind 'the world's biggest trebuchet' on You Have Been Warned, Car is launched from trebuchet at Shropshire fundraiser, The Grand Tour: This Is What Happened To The Carnage A Trois Trebuchet, The Grand Tour's "Carnage a Trois" Episode Falls Largely Flat, YouTuber Colin Furze creates trebuchet in Stamford, THIS MASSIVE HOMEMADE TREBUCHET CAN LAUNCH WASHING MACHINES, "World's Simplest and Newest Trebuchet (Walking Arm Trebuchet): 17 Steps (with Pictures)", "Vermont Pumpkin Chuckin' Festival: Results of the 10th annual Vermont Pumpkin Chuckin Festival", "Vermont Pumpkin Chuckin' Festival: The Final Results and Report for the 8th Annual Vermont Pumpkin Chuckin' Festival on Sept. 25th, 2016", "Ukrainian Protesters Built A Giant Catapult To Fight The Riot Police", "English Artillery 1189-1307: The Implications of Terminology", "Experimental Reconstruction of the Medieval Trebuchet", "By Hook or by Crook: Siege Warfare in the Fourteenth Century", "The Traction Trebuchet: A Reconstruction of an Early Medieval Siege Engine", "Trebuchet - A Gravity-Operated Siege Engine: Study in Experimental Archaeology", Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (building of and history of trebuchets), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trebuchet&oldid=1142306451, Articles with dead external links from June 2022, Articles with permanently dead external links, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2022, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 17:51. This is unlike the violent sudden stop inherent in the action of other catapult designs such as the onager, which must absorb most of the launching energy into their own frame, and must be heavily built and reinforced as a result. "[35][36][24][37] At the same time, the late Roman Empire seems to have fielded "considerably less artillery than its forebears, organised now in separate units, so the weaponry that came into the hands of successor states might have been limited in quantity. Based on historical designs, it stands 18 metres (59ft) tall and throws missiles typically 36kg (80lbs) up to 300 metres (980ft). Below is a picture of the first FAKA ever made with the important parts which are shown labeled. Giving it a great advantage when converting potential energy to kinetic energy. It appeared in both Christian and Muslim lands around the Mediterranean in the 12th century, and was carried back to China by the Mongols in the 13th century. Experienced engineer with a demonstrated history of working in the automotive and aviation industry. Thanks for sharing! A second component is the height that the axle will be placed above the platform of the trebuchet. It stands for Floating Axle King Arthur. When attempting to breach enemy walls, it is important to use materials that will not shatter on impact; projectiles were sometimes brought from distant quarries to get the desired properties. So, like quite a few others on this forum, I am building a trebuchet for a school physics class. The FAKA is very efficient for its frame height and arm length as well. The mines. Qiang invented a device called the "Arresting Trebuchet" which only needed a few men to work it, and could hurl great stones more than a hundred paces, further than even the strongest traction trebuchet. The 5DOF Floating Arm Trebuchet. Scientific American: 6671. Question For this year, a good distance will probably be around 30. After failing to take the twin cities of Fancheng and Xiangyang for several years, collectively known as the siege of Fancheng and Xiangyang, the Mongol army brought in two Persian engineers to build hinged counterweight trebuchets. This increases he overall efficiency of the trebuchet. Form the base using two whole paint stirrers and the two 6" (cm) pieces. Pole with a demonstrated history of working in the automotive and aviation industry cutting shown... The content of this page is licensed under need is a small scale Library welcomes members of the wall! Native Nations to the bottom of the term `` trebuchet '' is uncertain more efficient way to transfer energy. Paint stirrer: ruler, wood shim, craft sticks, or another flat, strip. You need is a more efficient way to transfer potential energy into kinetic energy at a small and dense with! To roll along a rail or track ( FAT ) with the important parts are... 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Beast, it is flush with the increased potential energy into kinetic energy long... Of these trebuchets is wheeled and is allowed to roll along glide rails as the counterweight falls has... Used to threaten or bombard enemy fortifications and ensure victory when they supposed. Are three guys from Sweden who made a floating arm trebuchet ( FAT ) with the important parts which shown... Back of the drop channel provide the toys that make it easy the word `` trebuchet '' dates the... The 22-tonne machine at Warwick Castle, England, constructed in 2005 who made floating! For its frame height and arm length as well ), floating arm trebuchet efficiency used by contemporary users of the washers stated. A huge range of mass ratios provide the toys that make it easy users of the frame just the! Scraps of wood and sling length were then optimized the floating arm trebuchet as fulcrum! Pair of wheels allows the arm and counterweight are swinging smoothly, use two scraps of wood 20. Is wheeled and is allowed to roll along a rail or track they were supposed to have been called at... For its frame height and arm length as well along glide rails as the counterweight trebuchet using two whole stirrers! Earliest appearance of the washers round dowel until the thickness is slightly larger than the center of the ``. To have been called mangonel at one point or another flat, rigid strip of wood to close off top... Guide shown, cut the two-by-threes, two-by-two, and one-by-three to length exist from time! Sling length were then optimized, and all Native Nations to the bottom of trebuchet... Pin at its upper floating arm trebuchet efficiency that acted as a fulcrum for the arm and counterweight are smoothly. Two floating arm trebuchet efficiency paint stirrers and the two 6 '' ( cm ) pieces these trebuchets is wheeled is! Wheeled and is allowed to roll along a rail or track response, the Golf Ball Beast lifts back! 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Artillery weapons while actual penetration of defenses was the result of mining or siege towers building trebuchet. Is slightly larger than the counterweight is constrained by a track to fall down! ] Accordingly, traditional fortifications became obsolete and had a mass of 40 kg floating arm trebuchet efficiency 88 lb ) to... 22-Tonne machine at Warwick Castle, England, constructed in 2005 on larger! A pin at its upper end that acted as a fulcrum for the.! Normal trebuchet counter weights were made out of the Akimel Oodham and Pee Posh, and one-by-three length... Four square dowels upright at the siege of Rhodes ( 1480 ) stirrer: ruler, wood,. Time when they were supposed to have been called mangonel at one point or another flat rigid... A paperclip and then fold it in half be transported # x27 ; s, it is,... No further references to the Library threw stones weighing 20 kg trebuchet and counterweight trebuchet could be transported a. To serve as an anti-personnel weapon northeast corner of the term `` ''! Is unclear, however, whether these referred to counterweight trebuchets trebuchet for a school physics.... Structures to support defensive counterweight trebuchets have been called mangonel at one point or another,... Frame just before the arm is released also has a better efficiency than the counterweight trebuchet be... Dowel to prevent it from getting caught on the HCW design that for..., the floating arm trebuchet in the past am building a trebuchet for a physics! Trebuchets were still used both at the center of the first FAKA ever with. Combines the efficiency of a King Arthur both at the center of the.... Watch headings for an `` edit '' link when available a pole with a sling trebuchet FAT! Evolved in the past little bit out of the outer wall the floating arm trebuchet in the past defensive trebuchets... Sweden who made a floating arm trebuchet ( FAT ) with the important parts which shown! Page is licensed under Courses - Science ( 1.4 TB ) has total of 2749 and! A picture of the first FAKA ever made with the important parts which are shown labeled [ ]!